Confidence

Confidence Confidence Confidence By Maeve Maddox The Latin verb fidere means â€Å"to trust.† Adding the prefix con-, â€Å"with,† gives confidere, â€Å"to have full trust or reliance.† According to a note in the OED, the word may have originated to show the relationship between two people, â€Å"two friends who mutually confide in or trust each other, and hence are trusted by each other.† In time, the word came to be used in a more general sense. The noun confidence has a variety of meanings. As a synonym for faith or trust, it means â€Å"the mental attitude of trusting in or relying on a person or thing†: And we have confidence in the Lord touching you, that ye both do and will do the things which we command you. 2 Thessalonians 3:4, KJV. Do You Have Confidence in President Obama? Confidence can mean feeling sure of a fact or an issue: Climate models now include more cloud and aerosol processes, but there remains low confidence in the representation and quantification of these processes in models. Speakers frequently use confidence in the sense of â€Å"assurance arising from reliance on oneself: What can I do to help my child have confidence when in new situations? 10 Tips to Boost Your Confidence Confidentiality is required of lawyers, priests, social workers, and anyone else to whom private matters are confided. For example: There are many specific areas regarding consent and confidentiality that are particularly difficult for teens, parents, health care professionals and lawmakers. Other â€Å"with trust† words: confident (adjective), confidential (adjective), confidentially (adverb), and confide (verb): Less-Confident People are More Successful Teachers should discuss such matters confidentially with individual parents. Confidentially, I don’t much care for the terms Usonian and Usonia. It’s difficult nowadays to keep personal information confidential. It was a mistake to confide in her: she posted everything I told her on Facebook. Before 1700, a person trusted with private information, â€Å"usually amorous,† was called a confident [sic]. Then the French word confidant/confidante entered the language. For a time, English speakers observed the masculine/feminine differences in writing, but now a confidant can be either a man or a woman. Anyone familiar with the television series The Golden Girls is acquainted with the opening words of its theme song: Thank you for being a friend Traveled down the road and back again Your heart is true, you’re a pal and a confidant. Finally, there’s such a thing as too much confidence, either because a person thinks he knows it all, or because a person trusts the wrong person: Malcolm Gladwell drew an important distinction between the normal mistakes that result from incompetence (not knowing enough) and mistakes made because of the overconfidence of experts (miscalibration). San Antonio police have arrested a fugitive accused of running a long-term confidence scheme with victims in Ohio, Florida and Texas. He repeatedly befriended his victims, convinced them to give him thousands of dollars and then absconded with the money. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Idioms About Numbers26 Feel-Good Words30 Words Invented by Shakespeare

COLLEGE PAPER WRITING SERVICE

COLLEGE PAPER WRITING SERVICE A perfect application essay requires many requirements for the applicant to be aware of. On the other hand professional college paper writing service is able to help the clients who are willing to enter the educational establishments like college or universities by writing custom application essays for them. While it may seem to be hard to write a perfect application essay there are several simple rules that should be followed. As the personal statement must be made strong, the entire purpose of this type of writing is to show the personality uniqueness. The personal talents must simply shine and the whole application essay must have profound and well-written structure. The best college application essay format also does imply showing how the person will benefit from the educational process. Your essay must be all about how different you are from another people. Showing your unique goals in life and career will definitely make your application essay stand out. If you require help from professional writer, simply order the essay from us and we will do the best writing job for you.

Petro-Canada's Total Compensation Strategy and Program Research Paper

Petro-Canada's Total Compensation Strategy and Program - Research Paper Example So, the creation of petro Canada was a part of his dream of self-sufficient Canada. The creation of the petro Canada goes back to the year 1973 when the world found Arabs having huge reservoirs of oil were badly engaged in the bloody wars and the prices of oil went to the sky (Forster, 1993). The province of Canada, Alberta had plenty of the oil reserves which were controlled by an American corporation. This was the time when the Chinese president and the opposition felt the sheer need of the time of establishing a Canadian corporation which could control major part of the oil trade. The resident wanted the American corporation to spend more amount of the oil supply to Canada and les to be the states of America while the business was going on reverse. So, 1975 was the year of birth of the Canadian corporation petro Canada. This angered the western world (Greene, 2010). The company kept on working as the one of the Canada’ s largest corporation and fulfilling almost 40% of the Canadian domestic and industrial needs. The idea of the petro Canadian as a powerful tool however was not liked by the liberals who were against the establishment of the corporation and wanted to sell it off (IGI, 2009). 1988 was an important year in the history of the petro Canada; it was the time when the government tried to represent the corporation as a symbol of the Canadian nationalism though Olympic bid. This was the high time for the petro Canada to get popular inside and outside Canada. With the coming years, the corporation made its grounds firm by purchasing few of the world’s famous oil brands and suppliers however the services of oil and gas refinery were got by British Petroleum Canada (Forster, 1993). 1980 was the year of the changing history of petro Canada. This was the time when liberals came in power and with their authority in the government, the energy issue was raised. They stopped the idea of making petro Canada as a symbol of Canadian nationalism and m ade it just to compete with the oil companies in private sector (Shields, 2007). Soon the corporation saw its deterioration and the government decided to privatize petro Canada. In 1991 the shares were sold in the open market while keeping 19% in the company. The shares price fell dramatically and the company suffered a drastic loss with many employees being laid off (Forster, 1993). In 2009, it was merged with Suncor and now it is owned by it while the brand is used nationwide. It has owned refineries in Quebec, Alberta and Montreal. Its major projects were White Rose, Hibernia and Terra Nova (IGI, 2011). It was 2006 when the company decided to enter in the mobile market and launched a prepaid service known as Petro Canada Mobility. In 2009, it decided to open fast food restaurants and provided the services of car wash with drive thru. Its offered services also include car repair service which is known as Certigard Car Repair. The Suncor ownership has surely brought a changed envir onment while entering in the open race of competition and brings the services to increase its customer market. Petro Canada has though been privatized yet it still symbolizes the Chinese president’s dream of all being independent (Greene, 2010). Petro-Canada For entry level positions Like any other company, the level of

Warren Buffet & His Organization Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 8

Warren Buffet & His Organization - Assignment Example This encourages the employees to be loyal to the company. Loyal employees usually devote all their energy to the work in order to ensure that the aims and objectives of the company are met. It is through this leadership and Warren is able to work closely with the employees. On the other hand, Warren understands the needs of the employees and is usually on the forefront in ensuring that the needs of the employees are met. The democratic nature of the leadership of Warren has enabled the employees to be willing to do their best in order to ensure that the organization is successful. Warren was aware of the importance of diversity in the workforce. This is considering that his organization has employees from different groups. According to the contingency theory, the nature in which the organization must relate plays an important role and the leaders should consider it. Warren always intend on promoting a good relationship between the members of the diverse groups. Teamwork is common in his organization and this promotes good relations between the members of diverse groups. Diversity at the organization is considered as a source of strength as each member has something unique to offer. On the other hand, he is good during the decision making process. Warren is usually flexible and this has been useful in ensuring that any situation can be dealt with within a short period of time. The approach used by Warren during the decision-making process is quite professional. The professionalism is useful in ensuring that a good relationship is developed with the stakeholders including the employees. The development of the right attitudes towards the other people is an important aspect that is utilized by Warren. This has been useful in terms of inspiring the employees and the members of staff at the organization. Warren cares about the lives of the people that he leads.

A Natural and Privatized life Essay Example for Free

A Natural and Privatized life Essay Haruki Murakami, a Japanese writer of short story, The Year of Spaghetti. The depiction of Murakami’s stories with point-of-view narratives provides certain distinctiveness to the characters, depending on how the dialogue is conveyed. The abstract things the narrator says and does provide the idea of human isolation with little feelings of fear. Although the story has no definitive plot, it grabs hold of conflicting emotions between fear and loneliness. The unnamed protagonist in The Year of Spaghetti, illustrates the meaning of loneliness through naturalization and privatization. According to the Article, Murakami Haruki and the Naturalization of Modernity, â€Å"Privatization is the process that makes naturalization possible.† (Cassegard 87) The first paragraph of Haruki’s story, The Year of Spaghetti, already shows how alone and private his life it. He says, â€Å"I cooked spaghetti to live, and lived to cook spaghetti.† (pg. 178) It already seems as if his mind is made up for the rest of his life. That he has found his life’s calling to cook spaghetti every day and every night. That is what is natural to him. Naturalization means, â€Å"that one has grown used to an environment that was once shocking.† (Cassegard 83) Nothing really phases him, however, he could not have reached naturalization without having privatization occur first. Privatization is: The process whereby individuals â€Å"become used† to solitude, or—to be more precise—their instinctual needs and fundamental impulses become channeled in such a way that their gratification is made less dependent on relations to other people. The term does not imply that human interaction decreases, but stands for the subjective process whereby such interactions become less important as sources of gratification for individuals. (Cassegard 87) This explains how the protagonist in this story can be conveyed as someone who is lonely, hurt, and avoiding the rest of the world, but could actually just be content with life. Privatization explains that the interactions with other people are not necessarily something he is bad at or is avoiding, but  just has less interest in it. The story then goes on to how the protagonist’s phone rang and how he could barely even recognize the fact that someone was calling him. This was due to the fact that he does not call nor get calls regularly. This is a shock to the protagonist because he was not expecting anyone to call or talk to him. As he answered the phone it was his friend’s ex girlfriend and by the sound of her voice he already knew she needed some kind of help. He then says to himself, â€Å"whatever trouble was brewing I knew I didn’t want to get involved.† (Murakami 180) Before even knowing what the girl’s problem was he already knew he did not want any part of it. This is part of his privatized life. According to Cassegard, â€Å"Their peace of mind is paid for by loneliness.† (pg. 87) Cassegard is trying to say that Murakami’s protagonist likes being alone and therefore, knows, getting involved in any type of way with this girl or anyone else for that matter will interfere with him being alone. He is so use to his everyday life of buying different types of spaghetti every week, cooking it in his, â€Å"huge aluminum cooking pot, big enough to bathe a German shepard in.† (Murakami 178), then eating it all by himself. Perhaps the German shepard is also a symbol of loneliness because this is all he did in 1971. He did it everyday and that is what he sees as normal. He kept his life privatized like this and that is why nothing is a shock to him, because it is natural to him. The protagonist’s tone in the story sounds content with subtle undertones of fear. It is like the spaghetti has some type of deeper meaning in accordance to his loneliness. When explaining how spaghetti is cooked a specific type of way he also mentions more than once how he must eat it alone. He even says he expects to be alone, and him subconsciously thinking people are at his door proves how lonely he really is. The protagonist says: Every time I sat down to a plate of spaghetti- especially on a rainy afternoon- I had the distinct feeling that somebody was about to knock on my door. The person who I imagined was about to visit me was different each time. Sometimes it was a stranger, sometimes someone I knew. Once, it was a girl with slim legs whom I’d dated in high school, and once it was myself, from a few years back, come to pay a visit. Another time, it was none other than William Holden,  with Jennifer Jones on his arm. (Murakami 179) Although he may be content and satisfied with being alone, you can still tell how lonely he really is by his actions. Whenever, he eats spaghetti alone he imagines people coming to visit. He especially imagines people up when it is a rainy day. The rain symbolizes the mood of sadness and loneliness, therefore, especially on rainy days he would doze off. The protagonist in the story shows his loneliness because he has to daydream of random people that are visiting him but do not actually come inside. According to Cassegard, â€Å"Few things are as striking in the protagonists of Murakami as their loneliness, even when they are with other people.† (p. 83) Cassegard is saying that Murakami’s protagonists are always perceived to be lonely even when interacting with others. For example, when the protagonist in The Year of Spaghetti is talking to the girl on the phone, he makes up a lie so that he can hang up with her because he does not want to speak or help her with her problem of needing to contact her ex boyfriend, the protagonist’s friend because he owes her a sum of money. He is not happy to have a phone call because he likes to be alone, so therefore, he lies about cooking spaghetti just to cut the conversation off. After he lies he thinks to himself, â€Å" I lied. I had no idea why I said that. But that lie was already a part of me- so much so that, at that moment at least, it didn’t feel like a lie at all. (Murakami 181) That line can make us idealize the fact that he has been cooking spaghetti for the purpose of a lie that has turned true. Him cooking spaghetti symbolizes his way of privatization. Eating spaghetti provides allusion to the idea of a tangled relationship that he is avoiding with anyone, especially the girl he was speaking on the phone to. His constant rejection to the world has lead him imagining a pot with water, on his stove, and an imaginary match. (Murakami) This collectively provides the constant isolated relationship between him and his world. Murakami is a different kind of Japanese writer. He adapted his writing style from the Western side. DiConsiglo says, â€Å"Growing up, he dreamed of America. He read American detective novels, and listened to American music  on the radio. Even the defining moment in his life was distinctly American. At age 29, while watching a baseball game, he suddenly realized he wanted to be a writer.† (pg. 1) Murakami then says, Writing in Japan for Japanese people is in a particular style, very stiff. If you are a Japanese novelist you have to write that way, Murakami has said. But I am different in my style. I guess Im seeking a new style for Japanese readership, and I think I have gained ground. Things are changing now. (DiConsiglio) Murakami was always teased for the way he writes. He was a disgrace to the older Japanese people because of the way he wrote. Japanese people would tease Americans and call them names like batakusai, which literally means, â€Å"stinking of butter.† (DiConsiglio 1) Murakami has been different from everyone else as he group up because of his interests and that is possibly why his characters in the stories he writes are so lonely, privatized, but also natural. His characters in the stories never seem to be shocked by anything because they accept everything as they are. They do not have any desire to figure out or question why certain things are the way they are. The characters just exist neither happy nor sad. And that is how the protagonist in Murakami’s story The Year of Spaghetti is like. His character shows not much emotion to anything else except his love for spaghetti and his few day dreams of random imaginary people. That is really lonely but does not seem to shock the protagonist nor phase him, because as said, t hat is what is natural to him. (DiConsiglio) In conclusion, the point of view narration has emphasized the point that gives his stories uniqueness and relatable aesthetic. It’s tone helps a reader to understand the author and protagonist’s ideas of privatization from the world that became natural to him. It is only then the symbolism of spaghetti provides a greater and deeper meaning to why the protagonist acts in the certain way that he does- a privatized and natural life. Works Cited Cassegard, Carl. Murakami Haruki And The Naturalization Of Modernity. International Journal Of Japanese Sociology 10.1 (2001): 80-92. Academic Search Premier. Web. 25 Sept. 2014. DiConsiglio, John. Haruki Murakami Stinks. Literary Cavalcade 51.4 (1999): 15. Academic Search Premier. Web. 25 Sept. 2014. Murakami, Haruki. The Year of Spaghetti. (2005): 178-83. Web.

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee :: Free Essay Writer

To Kill a Mockingbird The theme of these two chapters is that Dill, and Jem wanted to go to the Radely house to get a peep at Boo Radely through the blinds. Scout feels uneasy about it but despite Jem’s wishes refuses to go home. He gets shot at with a gun while trying to escape. He lost his pants while escaping and when he went back to get them they where laid out on the fence like they where expecting Jem to come back. The next day every body was talking about it, they all thought Mr. Radely shot at a black man but missed. It seemed like Mr. Radely knew it was Jem though. Jem and Nathan Radley each said hi and Mr. Radely was talking about filling his tree with cement even though it was perfectly healthy. Jem found this strange. The protagonist in these chapters would be scout. She tries to convince Dill and Jem not to do it. Jem does not listen and tells her to go home, but she stays. Jem and Dill would be neither protagonist or antagonist of these chapters is Boo Radely because he is the main reason why Jem decides to go there in the first place. Scout is a tomboy who has a soft side. Even though she is rough and Strong, she is also a coward, like the time she wouldn’t go to the Radely house. She beats up the kids at school for example she beat up the kids for picking on her for liking black people. Scout is smart and trustworthy. Although most of the town is racist she thinks every body is equal. Jem is very brave, for example the time he went to see Boo Radely, and then when he lost his pants trying to escape, he went back for them even after the fact that he was shot at. He is smart but very stubborn, he wont listen to anybody because he always got to have things his way. Jem is strong, and persistent. He can sometimes be mean to Scout, epically after he met Dill. He isn’t racist and is kind and trustworthy. Dill is smart because he knows who to read even thought he is young. He is kind and open minded, he is not afraid to speak his mind. Dill is an open person, but he can be persistent. He is a smart boy but he can be very stubborn.

Confession found in Prison Essay

Charles Dickens starts his story with a very light atmosphere with him describing a man who was sent abroad to fight for his country and how he was sent home and so he retired from the service. He doesn’t expand on his experiences from the war at all, which maybe could be due to shame or loss of character. His wife and he then withdrew to the estate inherited by his wife which then belonged to him, as this was the done thing in at that time. After such a light hearted opening the atmosphere drops dramatically as he says â€Å"this is the last night I have to live†, this then causes the reader to want to read on with the question in the back of their head, why is that the last night he has to live? In that same paragraph he says â€Å"I was never a brave man, and had always been from my childhood of a secret, distrustful nature† this straight away informs the reader of the nature of this man, but I found this strange that a man who has come out and said that he was never very brave as a child, but years later found himself enrolled into the army. â€Å"I speak of myself as if I had passed from the world†, this indicated to me that he has come to terms with the fact that he is going to die, for whatever reason that may be, which builds increasing tension even this early in the story. The next paragraph explains the abstracted relationship with his brother, but they both found themselves married to two sisters. When I first read â€Å"his wife knew me well, I never struggled with any secret jealousy or gall when she was present but that woman knew it as well as I did. I never raised my eyes at such times but I found hers fixed on me† there are a few interpretation that could be taken from this, either she was really gazing upon him as they were in each other’s presence or that he found his imagination getting the better of him, however we can not be sure as I don’t really trust his judgement as the narrator. I think the tension increases considerably and the atmosphere becomes very heavy when he talks of his relief that his brother’s wife died abroad, â€Å"I was afraid of her; she haunted me† even after her death and this is where I started to question his sanity, he is almost saying that he can feel her eyes on him through her grave. â€Å"When my brother knew that all hope of his own recovery was past, he called my wife to his bed-side, and confided child of four years old, to her protection† I was very curious as to why he called his brother’s wife to his bed-side rather than his brother, maybe he also shared the suspicions that not all was normal with his brother. â€Å"Perhaps I hide the truth from myself, but I do not think that when this began, I meditated to do him any wrong† at this point I believe he is realising that something is wrong with him and I found the tension rising as the reader is then wondering what the man is contemplating to do to the child, he implies that he is thinking of killing the child when he says â€Å"I was under a fascination which made it a kind a business with me to contemplate his slight and fragile figure and think how easily it might be done† it obviously being the killing, but with this statement he felt no remorse for what he was saying, which I found quite abnormal which of course this man is. â€Å"I spent days in shaping with my pocket knife a rough model of a boat, which I finished and dropped in the child’s way† this made me realise that the boat was just a lure to get the child to the lake, which obviously a four year old would be completely oblivious to. He sometimes denies thinking about killing the child but goes to such lengths as to spend days making a boat as a lure for the child and the way that he â€Å"stole down after him, creeping under certain shrubs† almost like if the child sees him he will suspect his actions, this again signals his tendency to become pointlessly paranoid. As I reader I got very tense as the child was preparing to play with his boat in the lake, and the man was preparing to drown the child. As he was just about to push the child he saw his shadow and turned around, this was when he decided not to drown him, but to stab him instead. I think he decided to do this because as the child turned around and saw him â€Å"his mother’s ghost was looking from his eyes† and stabbed the child on the spur of the moment. â€Å"I sat at the bedroom windows all day long and watched the spot where the dreadful secret lay† even though he doesn’t admit this, I believe he was genuinely disgraced by what he had done, even though it was premeditated I think he was haunted by his actions and that he has to stay and watch the spot so as nothing disturbs it. He describes his anguish when a bird landed on the plot of grass he thought the bird would be â€Å"instrumental in the discovery†. After three days of ceaseless watching of the plot of grass, two officers visited about the â€Å"missing† child on the fourth. â€Å"Then I sat down with my chair upon the grave†, I am sure he did this so as long as he was sat upon the grave nothing could be discovered. Later on a pair of bloodhounds came into the garden and started circling around the chair the man sat on the atmosphere gets very heated as everyone is shouting at each other â€Å"In heavens name move! Or you will be torn to pieces† shouted one of the officers, â€Å"let them tear me limb from limb, I’ll never leave this place†, I think this is where the officers were aware of the man’s crime, as he would rather get torn limb from limb by the two bloodhounds than give up his position where his secret lay. â€Å"I am alone in this evil dungeon with my evil spirit, I die tomorrow† I think he is now along the line of thinking that him dying would part him from his evil spirit. I think this is because he knows he deserves to die, just as the child didn’t. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Miscellaneous section.

Evaluation Essay

The internet in the world of today holds a very important place. It offers everything from finding a good college to finding an elegant dress. It can offer good shopping sites, and the most wonderful part is that your order is delivered to your house. Women today prefer online shopping. Websites of different companies offer all the clothes online. When such websites are designed a lot of things are considered, to satisfy users. I will analyze the website of Guess, Express and Charlotte Russe in three ways, which are the websites designs and layout, variety of clothes and ease to zoom each item. The first way of analyzing the website is its design and layout. The design of such websites should be very appealing and actively engaging. Beginning with Guess, it has an extremely appealing layout and design. The best part of this website is the slide show of four slides that runs on the home page. Each model is wearing an attractive outfit with good makeup. It provides very clear options for the buyer. The website of Express is a decent one. All the tabs are labeled very clearly just as Guess, but instead of a slideshow there is picture of four models, and discount coupons. Slide shows grab the attention of buyer and actively engage them, so it was a minus for the express. Charlotte Russe’s website is the worst; there is not a single model on the home page rather it says twenty five percent off. It would have been better if that was written in a corner with some model dressed up nicely in center. The web layout is pretty much same as rest; however there are pull-down menus, neither Guess nor Express has that feature. I believe pull down menus are more comfortable for the buyer because instead of first choosing ‘women’ and then going for ‘jeans’ or any desired option, one can simply place cursor on women and choose the option from pull down menu. After looking at all features Guess is most appealing to me and Charlotte Russe is least, however in the layout Charlotte Russe is pretty good compared to Guess and Express. My second way to analyze is the variety of clothes they had in each section. To begin with Guess, for example if the option of jeans is clicked in women’s section then eighty-seven different denim jeans are displayed. This provides a wide range of options for the buyer to choose from. The website of express has more types of jeans than Guess like capris, shorts, skinnies, etc, but the number of jeans was less. Express offers sixty jeans while Guess offers eighty seven-jeans. On the website of Charlotte Russe, if the option of jeans is clicked then it also shows sixty different jeans just like Express; therefore, in quantity Express and Charlotte Russe are the same. However Charlotte Rusee has the only four types of jeans which are way less than Guess and Express. Therefore in variety Guess was the best while Charlotte Russe was not as good, with Express in between the two. My third way to analyze is the ease of zooming each item. Beginning with Guess, it offers three ways to look at each jeans: front, back, and side. All three options are displayed vertically on the right side. As soon as the cursor is placed on jeans it forms a small square, and the part in square is zoomed and showed. This is a plus point for its website as it was really easy to see the jeans clearly through this feature. Besides this, a detailed description of jeans was provided on the left side, which also told about its finishing, etc. The jeans of Express could also be viewed in three different ways however, the cursor did not form a square, and rather there was the traditional zoom in and out sign on the corner. The zooming of Guess is far better. The description is present, but it is not as detailed as it is at Guess. Charlotte Russe was the same as Express. It had the same traditional zoom in and out system, with much less descriptions. Therefore I think that Guess is far better, and both Express and Charlotte Russe are nearly same. According to these criteria I would say that the website of Guess is best. The designing of website is appealing, has a huge variety and also it is easy to zoom the item. Express and Charlotte Russe are more or less the same. However, the website of express is better in design, while Charlotte Russe has a better layout. So, I think the two are nearly same.

30+ Cryptocurrency and Bitcoin Terms

30+ Cryptocurrency and Bitcoin Terms 30+ Cryptocurrency and Bitcoin Terms 30+ Cryptocurrency and Bitcoin Terms By Daniel Scocco Most of us heard or read stories about cryptocurrencies, Bitcoin, blockchain and so on over the past few years. Few of us, however, understand what those terms mean. Given that those technologies are probably here to stay, writers and readers alike would benefit from a basic understanding of the terminology involved. Below you will find an initial list with 32 terms. We plan to update it as new ones appear. 1. Bitcoin Bitcoin is a decentralized digital currency. It is the first and most famous cryptocurrency, having being launched in 2009 by an unknown person or organization under the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto. The main goal of Bitcoin is to create a currency that doesnt rely on a central authority or government, as this feature should give it many benefits, including lower transaction costs. When it was launched the cost of one Bitcoin was only a couple of cents, and late in 2017 the price of one Bitcoin skyrocketed to almost $20,000, crashing after a couple of months to around $7,000. This meteoric rise and fall contributed to increasing the interest in this cryptocurrency around the world. 2. BTC Each cryptocurrency has a 3-letter symbol that is used to designate it on trading platforms. This is similar to the symbols used on stock exchanges to designate specific companies and stock. BTC is the symbol of Bitcoin. 3. Blockchain This is the core technology behind Bitcoin and most other cryptocurrencies. Some people argue that this innovation has more value than Bitcoin itself, because it can be used on countless future projects. The basic idea is to organize all the transactions of a system (i.e. Bitcoin payments) into blocks, and then to connect those blocks in a chain using cryptography. The cryptographic functions ensure that all the transactions on the blockchain are valid, and anyone can check this information, as it is public. On top of that it is impossible to remove or change past transactions, making the system secure. An alternative way of seeing the blockchain is as an open, distributed digital ledger. 4. Cryptocurrency A digital currency which relies on cryptography to validate transactions, removing the need to have a trusted central authority reporting which transaction is valid and which is not. Bitcoin is the most popular one but today we have over 1000 cryptocurrency projects on the market. 5. Altcoin A nickname given to all cryptocurrencies other than Bitcoin, derived from â€Å"alternative coin.† Bitcoin was the only cryptocurrency on the market for many years, and that is why when new ones appeared they received this nickname. 6. ICO Acronym for Initial Coin Offering. This event happens when a crypto project launches its currency or tokens in the market, allowing the first investors to purchase them. The process is similar to an IPO, where a company offers its shares to the public for the first time. Notice that when you invest in an ICO, however, you are not buying equity from that project. Instead, you are buying the coins or tokens of such project, and investors do so hoping that such coins will increase in value over time. 7. Ethereum Currently Ethereum is the second largest cryptocurrency by market capitalization. The goal of this project is to allow programmers to easily create smart contracts (see below) as if they were writing a simple computer software. 8. Cryptography The study of strategies and technical implementations to guarantee the privacy and integrity of information exchanged between two or more parties. For example, if you want to send a message to a friend and want to make sure that only him will be able to read it you could substitute each letter on your message with a specific number or symbol. Only the person in possession of the substitution table (i.e. your friend) will be able to revert the list of numbers or symbols into the original message. Cryptography appeared thousands of years ago due to the need of private communications in military contexts and during wars. 9. Decentralization This is perhaps the most important characteristic of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrency projects. By not having a central authority (i.e. by being decentralized) cryptocurrencies have advantages over fiat currencies and other payment methods. Those advantages include a limited monetary supply (which can make the value of the cryptocurrency increase over time) and, in theory, lower transaction costs. 10. Wallet Software that allows you to store cryptocurrency, and to send and receive payments. 11. Hot wallet A cryptocurrency wallet that is connected to the Internet. It can be a web application or a mobile application. A hot wallet gives you more convenience, because you can instantly send and receive payments using it. That being said they are less secure because hackers can try to gain access through the Internet. 12. Cold wallet A wallet that is not connected to the Internet. You can install such software on a USB drive, for instance. Cold wallets are not convenient to use but they are much more secure because the hacker would need physical access to try compromising the wallet. 13. Private key A private key (i.e. a sequence of randomly generated characters) is what allows you to spend the cryptocurrency funds in your wallet. It is like a password that you need to make payments and send funds from your wallet. If you lose it you will not be able to access your funds, and theres no way to recover it. 14. Network confirmation Remember that Bitcoin (like other cryptocurrencies) is a decentralized digital currency, so there is no company or central authority confirming if a given transaction is valid or not. The Bitcoin network itself will confirm each transaction. Each node (see below) will check each transaction and confirm or deny its validity. The larger the number of confirmations a transaction has, the higher the probability that it is valid. Currently, with six confirmations you have 99.9% of certainty that the transaction is valid. 15. Node A computer which is connected to the Internet and runs the software of a given cryptocurrency. Nodes are responsible for validating transactions and packaging those transactions inside new blocks on the blockchain. In other words, it is the network of nodes that keeps a cryptocurrency running. 16. Light node It represents a computer running a light version of the cryptocurrency software which offers a limited amount of features, usually including payment verification. Some cryptocurrency projects allow light nodes to exist with the goal of increasing the total number of nodes available, possibly increasing the efficiency of the network and reducing the time to validate transactions. 17. Full node A computer running the full software of a cryptocurrency project, which includes all the transactions (and therefore all blocks) ever registered for this particular cryptocurrency. Running a full node is the only possible way to verify a transactions without relying on a third party. 18. Consensus Since cryptocurrencies don’t have a central authority determining which transactions are valid and which are not and in which order they took place, the network of nodes, relying purely on software and algorithms, needs to reach an agreement regarding those factors. Such an agreement is called network consensus. 19. Token Cryptocurrencies were originally developed to be used as electronic cash. Over time, however, people realized that the same technology (i.e. blockchain) could be used for other purposes, most notably smart contracts (see below). Units of those crypto projects that aim to have functionality beyond those of a digital currency are usually called tokens. 20. Security token This is a subcategory of tokens which usually represent real-life assets like company shares, real estate and so on. Security tokens are expected to make buying, selling and trading those assets much more efficient, even though they are subject to more regulation than other crypto projects. 21. Smart contract A digital contract that gets automatically executed by software upon its completion. Suppose you want to make a bet with a friend about whether or not it will rain tomorrow. You could use a smart contract for such a bet. Both you and your friend would deposit the money into a temporary Bitcoin wallet, and the software itself would verify whether or not there was rain on that specific day. The software would then transfer the money to the winning party. As you can see, using a smart contract has some advantages, as it can give more security to both sides as well as impartiality when evaluating the results. 22. Mining As explained above, network nodes are responsible for validating individual transactions. Once there are enough outstanding transactions a node can create a new block on the blockchain by solving a cryptographic challenge. The node that first solves such challenge will get rewarded a certain amount of units of that cryptocurrency (e.g. on the Bitcoin network nodes get rewarded Bitcoins for adding new blocks). The process of validating transactions and adding new blocks to the blockchain is called mining. This nickname was created because it is through this process that the amount of Bitcoin in circulation increases, similar to what happens with precious metals like gold. 23. Miner A person, group of people or company involved with mining a specific cryptocurrency. 24. CPU Acronym for Central Processing Unit. This electronic component is the brain of the computer, being responsible for carrying out logic and mathematical operations. If you are a miner, the more CPU power you have available the higher the chances that you will be able to solve the cryptographic challenges when mining Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies. 25. GPU Acronym for Graphical Processing Unit. This is a special purpose component in computers which is responsible for processing graphics. Some cryptocurrency projects have algorithms that allow for GPUs to be used in the mining process more efficiently than CPUs. 26. Satoshi Satoshi Nakamoto is the name of the person or entity that originally released the Bitcoin paper and software. Satoshi is also the name of the smallest unit of Bitcoin, representing one hundred millionth of a single Bitcoin. 27. Fork This is a software development term that also applies to cryptocurrency projects. When a fork happens, the current source code of the software is copied and used to start a new, independent version of the software. Usually a different team of programmers is responsible for the new version, and they carry out the fork because they want to have the autonomy to make modifications and/or improvements that the previous development team didn’t agree with. In the cryptocurrency world the most famous case is Bitcoin Cash, which was forked from the original Bitcoin in 2017. The developers behind Bitcoin Cash wanted to increase the size of the blocks on the Bitcoin blockchain, so that they could contain a larger number of transactions and thus be more efficient. Since the Bitcoin development team didn’t agree with this modification, the fork took place, practically creating a rival to Bitcoin. 28. Exchange An online platform where users can exchange one cryptocurrency for another. Some exchanges also allow users to exchange crypto currencies for fiat currencies and vice versa. 29. Stable coin A cryptocurrency which is backed by a fiat currency (e.g. the US dollar) or a commodity (e.g. gold). The idea behind stable coins is to provide liquidity and security for users who wish to temporarily sell their cryptocurrencies without removing their funds from the exchange. 30. Tether The largest stable coin in the market with a market cap of around $2 billion. 31. Double spending A type of financial fraud or attack. It involves spending the same amount of money twice, hoping that the second entity receiving the payment will not realize or not be able to verify that the money has already been spent on a previous transaction. This type of attack has happened with smaller cryptocurrency projects, however there is no confirmation of this attack happening with larger projects like Bitcoin or Ethereum. 32. 51% attack Since cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin do not have a central authority, it is the consensus of the network nodes that determine which transactions are valid and which are not. If a malicious user controls 51% of the network nodes he might be able to validate his own fraudulent transactions. The larger the number of nodes in the network, the harder it is to make this attack, and so far none of the popular crypto projects has suffered from it. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! 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Mythology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

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Disucssion Board 4-3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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