Fr, Michael Porters Five Forces Analysis Coursework

Fr, Michael Porters Five Forces Analysis - Coursework Example The forces have been referred to a microenvironment in the framework. The businesses have to reassess the market place in case of any changes to the forces. On the other hand, it is also important to note that the level of profitability for the organizations may not be the same despite operating in the same industry. The five forces can also be classified as horizontal or vertical. The horizontal forces include threat of substitute products or services, threat of new entrants and industry rivalry. The vertical forces include the bargaining powers of suppliers and bargaining powers of customers. Porter five forces analysis plays an important role in terms of enabling the businesses to gain more profitability and stability. On the other hand, the government also uses the framework for the purposes of stabilizing the industries. This framework has is usually used by most of the companies that intent to enter a new market. The cycle wear industry that FLAB operates in faces a threat of new entrants since it is profitable. The government policies on the industry are not strict which makes it easy for new entrants to enter the market. The capital requirement is not too high although any new entrant in the market has to meet the demands of the cyclists including those with 60 inch waist. The entry barrier in the industry is high due to patent issues since different designs have to be made to satisfy the needs of the customers. However, despite the entry barriers, the exit barriers are low. The presence of high entry barriers and low exit barriers is an indication that the industry is profitable (Vining, 2011). In the industry, the customer loyalty is not a major issue considering that most of the companies are unable to provide the cyclewear for the people with up to 60 inch waist. The customers usually move from one company to the other in search of required products. The bargaining powers of the customers in the

Proposed Roadmap for Cloud Adoption

Proposed Roadmap for Cloud Adoption 1. Chapter 8: Case Study based on the roadmap 1.1. Introduction This chapter focuses on the case study done by a privately owned company based in India. They were willing to adopt cloud for their IT Department. The proposed roadmap is being tested for the process they followed for the cloud adoption. This was done to know the significance of the proposed steps to be followed using the existing SDLC in chapter 6.The feedback is given by the team who worked on the proposed roadmap. The names have been kept anonymous for the confidentiality issues. 1.2. Project background The company who agreed to test the proposed system is a privately owned company with employee strength of 200-250 employees. The company deals in health care industry. The company is in a process of reshaping IT infrastructure and on its way of developing a cloud solution for the same. The reason for adopting cloud is the benefit it gives. It includes performance appraisal, resource utilization and scalable processes. The company wants to utilize the existing employee IT skills and resources. The company intends to do it by collaborating with the cloud service provider and customizing the cloud solution. It also intends to follow the different steps of the process to make sure that the requirement is met. 1.3. Framework walkthrough The roadmap is designed keeping in mind the challenges and best practices that are used while the cloud adoption of the project. It is believed that any project undertaking this roadmap with the highest score is more likely to succeed. The efficiency of the roadmap is tested based on a questionnaire designed for the different levels of process. The company will follow the steps of SDLC designed and customized especially for cloud adoption process given in Chapter 6. The five individual steps will have different set of questions. The IT manager will mark the question based on the importance of outcome by following the particular step in the entire process. Table 8.1 to 8.5 will represent the question for each stage. It will also contain the marks for each question. Table 8.6 will have the have the total marks for every stage based on the marking in table 8.1 to 8.5. Each phase has certain question that needs to be marked on a scale of 1-5 where 1 is least favorable and 5 a strongly favorable response. Each question is given weights (0.0-1) that are basically decided by the project team based on the nature of the project. The score for each question is then multiplied by weight given to it. The total of all the questions individual to each phase is done and then overall score adding the score of all the phases are done. The adding up of all the score adheres to the overall score of the project. The overall score represented how well the project adhered to the framework. Table 8.2: The questionnaire for the analysis phase Observation and comments for analysis phase: The successful implementation of the cloud adoption has made it a mandate step to do an intensive analysis and requirement gathering documentation. It is made a very necessary step as the process of cloud adoption is all in its early birth stages. The analysis phase requires the organization to closely analyze the future impact of cloud adoption on culture, politics, finances, procurement and in line work processes. Table 8.2: The questionnaire for the planning phase Observation and comments for planning phase: The use of standard tools and techniques based on organization’s standardizing tools for the planning phase was important. This helped to plan the right use of existing systems for the migration to cloud. The organizations benchmarks also helped to plan the performance standards for the systems that were moving on cloud. Based on the right planning it is also easy to chose appropriate cloud service provider. Table 8.3: The questionnaire for the design phase Observation and comments for design phase: This phase is majorly important in negotiating on the terms and conditions on the issues that were identified in the previous two phases that is analysis and planning. It is also realized that successes of design phase in entirely dependent on how efficiently the previous two phases are done. In other words design is basically a result of proper planning and analysis. Table 8.4: The questionnaire for the implementation phase Observation and comments for implementation phase: This is the phase where the actual movement of the application takes place to the cloud. This phase also deals with the end user participation and also the critical evaluation of the data involved. It was also found that the participation of the end users helps to address all the issues related to the new changes in the system. It helps to address the socio technical changes in the organization. Table 8.5: The questionnaire for the maintenance phase Observation and comments for maintenance phase: The phase basically makes sure the after implementation support that serves as a very critical indicator towards the success of cloud adoption. This phase is also important as this phase requires the team to address the best practices and also to document the lesson learned during the entire system development life cycle. This documentation serves as a building block for the future assignments. Table 8.6: Project phase totals It was observes that the analysis phase is the backbone of the entire project. It also serves as the building block of trust and understanding between the customer and the cloud vendor. The use of analysis phase as a part of SDLC was a positive point as the SDLC tool is familiar with mostly all the business managers. It also helps in selecting the appropriate infrastructure needed and the provider to provide them. The planning was observed as the most important and embarking step for the entire project. This is perceived as the most crucial step as this step interprets the result of analysis phase into the plan needed for design and then implementation phase. The design phase is successful only when the analysis and planning phase is done correctly. It is basically act as a result of the two previous phases. The implementation phase is the stage where all the issues are addressed related to social technical changes, resistance to change that occurs due to the result of the entire clo ud adoption. The last step of the maintenance acts as an additional advantage as this step provides the user support and monitoring control. This also serves as the important indicator towards the take off of the project. It also helps to improve for next coming projects as these steps requires the team to do the lesson learnt documentation and revive of all the best practices that were followed. 1.4. Conclusion A walkthrough of a case study is presented in this chapter. It was basically an illustration of how the proposed roadmap can be used in a cloud adoption project. It illustrates that how this proposed framework that can be used for a project. The each phase had questions to be answered by the project team using the framework. The individual phase had total score and that adds to the overall score to the project. The overall score represented how well the project adhered to the framework.

The Appalling Leadership of King Henry V :: European Literature

In Henry V, the actions of King Henry portray him as an appalling leader. Among Henry's many negative traits, he allows himself to be influenced by people who have anterior motives. This is problematic because the decisions might not be the best decisions for the country, or neighboring countries. The bishops convinced Henry to take over France because they would be able to save land for the Church. Henry doesn't have the ability to accept responsibility for his actions, placing the blame on others. Before Henry begins to take over a French village, he tells the governor to surrender or risk having English troops terrorize civilians. This way, if the governor declines, it would be the governor's fault for the atrocities that would occur. Henry has gotten his troops to go along with the take over by manipulating them. He tells the soldiers that what they're doing is noble, and that they should be proud. In fact, they're attacking another country in order to conquer it. Henry's charac ter comes off as coldhearted and careless. Henry shows ruthlessness towards civilians, threatening them with atrocities. He's careless with his soldiers, thoughtlessly allowing their executions, or playing hurtful games with them. France' takeover is mostly due to Henry's accepting advice from the bishops who had a motive for their judgment. In Act 1, Scene 1, Henry is promised a large sum of money by the Church to help fund his takeover of France. In order for Henry to receive the money he would have to vote against a certain bill that the bishops, Ely and Canterbury find obstructive to the Church. Soon, Henry goes to Ely and Canterbury to help him decide whether it's alright for him to take over France under Salic law. Clearly, Ely, and Canterbury would have a good reason to suggest Henry take France since he would have to accept the Church's money, and thus vote against the bill. Canterbury tells Henry he should pursue the take over arguing that it is illegal for France to use the Salic law since it originated in Germany. As well, he argues that the manner in which previous French kings have claimed the throne would have been in violation of the law. So with this argument Henry decides to go ahead with taki ng over France. The problem is that Henry's decision was motivated by a goal of the Church. A decision that holds thousands of lives at stake is decided on so one group of people could benefit.

Analytical Essay – Lochie Leonard

Awkwardness, rudeness and moodiness are stereotypes which are used to represent teenagers. In his novel â€Å"Locke Leonard the Human Torpedo', Tim Wanton explores the emotional development of teenagers. In the novel he represents teenagers as reckless. This is achieved through Locale's inappropriate actions, rude behavior and his bad language. The novel displays teenagers as reckless through their inappropriate behavior.In the chapter ‘Getting Serious' Locke and Vicki are alone in her house and they engage n sexual activities disregarding the possible consequences. This is also shown later on in the book in the chapter ‘Ocean Beach' where they again act without thinking. The two chapters give the reader a clear example that teenagers can be reckless due to their inappropriate behavior. At school Locke displays rude behavior towards his teachers.In the chapter ‘Everybody's Favorite Spread' Locke is in class studying his least favorite subject, Math, and is rude to his teacher by omitting to call him sir (pap-18). Also in the chapter ‘True Torpedoing' Locke is in his woodwork class and once again displays dude behavior and insolence to his teacher by suggesting that the teacher ‘does his block (pap-31). This insulting comment could enrage an already hostile teacher even more and is therefore reckless.In the first two weeks Locke has already acquired a bad reputation for himself. Locale's rude behavior is very risky. Teenagers are represented as reckless due to their use of inappropriate or bad language. Locke has been influenced to use bad language after reading a book about sexual development. In the chapter ‘Everyone's Favorite Spread' Locke is being bullied. Whilst being bullied he retaliates by calling them ‘a bunch of yellow vulvas! (pap), which might provoke them to attack him, rather than trying to calm them down, which would be more sensible. Locale's use of language clearly represents teens as reckless. In this novel Tim Wanton represents teenagers as reckless because of their inappropriate actions, rude behavior and bad language. He has focused on emotional development in adolescents. While this is only one aspect of the challenges faced by teens, the author has represented common stereotypes in characters and their actions to describe teenagers.

Mahayana Buddhism

Asian Behavior and Thought 10/16/12 Study Guide 7 – Mahayana Buddhism 1. What are the four sublime states? 1. Boundless love is related to friendliness. Buddhists cultivate love that is unconditioned and unlimited, based on the knowledge that all are one in the ocean of love. 2. Boundless compassion is the intense fellow feeling one should have for all living beings who suffer through pain, anxiety, ignorance and illusion. 3. Sympathetic joy- moves one to seek out happiness and prosperity of others and rejoice with them. . Equanimity – is the sense of nonattachment to self and to the world that the arhat achives by following the path of transformation and rooting out all desire and clinging. 2. What is Early Buddhism’s view of material well-being? Buddhist vision for society is the fundamental principle that all types of people are equal and that honor depends not on circumstances of birth but on moral and spiritual achievement?. ( is this the answer) 3. How does the ethical life of lay persons compare with that of monks and nuns?Lay people – There are many scriptures that spell out practical guidance and concrete disciplines for the good life. There are five percepts that leads the good life of compassion, love and fulfillment. 1st percept is the principle of nonviolence – concept expands not only to humans but also to animals. 2nd percept is not to steal – concept expands to avoild all forms of cheating, dishonest dealings to gain advantage over the others etc. 3rd percept is refrain from wrongful sexual relation – concept expands to be married and have sexual intercourse in the right way. th percept is refrain from wrongful speech that would cause others hatred, enmity, & dishmarmony. And 5th percept is refrain from drugs and liquor because it can cause breaking of other percepts. Monks and nuns – has to follow high level of detachment from those material, economic and social attachments that characteri ze life for lay people. They have 10 percepts. 1. Taking life, 2. Not stealing. 3. Sexual misconduct 4. Lying. 4. Drugs and liquor 5. Drugs and liquor 6. Earing after noon 7. Watching shows, singing and dancing 8. Using adornments of perfumes etc. 9.Sleeping in a high bed and 10. Handling gold or silver. 4. Outline an overview of the general spread of Buddhism through Asia. Theravada (ways of elders) came to be dominant in South Asia and South east Asia (especially in Srilanka). Mahayana (greater vehicle – one reaching the goal was being broadened to include others, even lay people) Buddhisim spreaded throughout the lands of East Asia ( monks and missionaries brought Buddhism to China than from China it spreaded to Vietnam, Korea and Japan). Vahrayana (diamond vehicle or tantrism) was accepted in Tibet and 1 Japanese Buddhist school. 5.How is Mahayana Buddhism distinguished from Early Buddhism. Mahayana discarded the narrower concept of the arhat as the one reaching the goal was being broadened to include others even laypeople. Al can be equally on the path toward achieveing Buddhahood While Theravada(early Buddhism) only focused on original teachings of the Buddha. 6. In Mahayana Buddhism what is a bodhisattva? Bodhisattva- being who is intent on becoming fully enlightened in Mahayana Buddhism, one who reaches enlightenment but vows to continvue rebirths in samsara to assist others. 7. How does the conception of Buddha change?The Mahayana group expanded the conception of who or what the Buddha is. They emphasized that Buddha is really the eternal power of the Dharma and that this Dharma body of Buddha is universal. Dharma body is the only real body of Buddha and it is ultimate reality. 8. What is the relation of nirvana to samsara? Nirvana is freedom from samsara and therefore, is a permanent, unconditioned state. Nirvana is not in any sense like God but Nirvana is a reality experienced within as it were a state of unconditioned freedom. 9What are the meaning of emptiness (shunyata) and â€Å"suchness† (tathata)?Emptiness is actually the common predicate of all dharmas. Emptiness means the absence of own being, where own being means something existing through its own power and having an immutable essence. So emptiness is really the same as the truth of dependent co-arising. Mahaynnists point out that not only are all conditioned dharmas empty but also the unconditioned reality of nirvana is empty. This leads to the idea that both Nirvana and samsara is empty there is no difference btw them. Suchness is seeing the world as it really is. Karuna – Buddhist ideal of compassionPure Land – focusing on worship of AMitabha Budhha, with hope of reincarnation pureland paradise. Amitabha – heavenly Buddha who presides over the pure land Buddha realm Chan – school of meditation Buddhism in China, Korea. Zen – important school of meditation Buddhism in japan Lotus Sutra – imp. Early scriptures ofMahayana Buddhism. Vajrajana – Damond Vehicle, tantric tradition of Buddhism especially in Tibet and Japan. Mandala – painting of cosmic Buddhas or a symbolice cosmos, used especially in Vajrayana Buddhist ritual and meditation. Dharma – teachings of budhha ependent co-arising (dependent origination) – central Buddhist teaching that everything is conditioned by something else, that all reality is interdependent. Three Bodies (Trikaya) – Dharma body – universal Buddha essence. Bliss Body – heavenly Buddhas and Transformation body – human manifestations of Buddha. Mahavairocana – great sun Buddha IITuesday, October 23. Tibetan Buddhism. In class video: The Reincarnation of Khensur Rinpoche Read: Ch. 6: pp. 103, 106-108. Iyer Pico on the Dalai Lama (on Blackboard). [2nd ed. Ch. 6: 95, 98-100] 1. What are some of the special characteristics of Tibetan Buddhism?The religious specialists were the lamas. Tantric Buddhists act ively engage with their feelings, emotions and imagination. For example, during meditation they will imagine what it was like to be the Buddha in a certain place or time. 2. Based on Pico Iyer’s presentation, how would you describe the Dalai Lama? 3. What stands out most to you personally in Iyer’s presentation? Why? Lama – spiritual masters often thought to be living gods Dalai Lama – head of the Geluk Tibetain Buddhist school, traditionally recognized as spiritual and political leader of Tibetans.

Free Essays on The Experience

â€Å"The Experience† By: Jill Tweedie â€Å"Some day my prince will come†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The epigraph of this essay shows a girl’s childlike dreams, and an involved fantasy. Ironically as the essay progresses the reader is shown that the epigraph is but a bitter irony to a woman who found no refuge in love. In the opening paragraphs Tweedie made reference to the intentions she had by writing â€Å"The Experience†. She enlightens the reader to the fact that she is a white, now happily married, heterosexual female, born in one of the most fortunate parts of the globe, America. I would assume fortunate not only for the freedom America offers, but the fact that she had more of a chance to grow as a woman compared to women of other nationalities, which is still a prevalent fact today. Tweedie’s objectives were to show others her mistakes in love so they can learn from them. The essay uses several allusions to properly portray the happenings in Tweedie’s life. On page 1258 Tweedie is giving insight into the life she led during her first marriage to a man old enough to be her father. In his eyes she was an innocent girl, respectable yet irresponsible, but when her husband was away at work she began to give way to a new side of herself she was just coming to know. In an allusion to Alice in Wonderland Tweedie wrote, â€Å"I came across a cake labeled ‘eat me’ and I ate and I grew. Each day, before 5 p.m., I nibbled the other side of Alice’s cake and, in the nick of time, shrank to being a little woman again. I was always afraid I would not make it down in time and my husband would come home and fall back in horror at the monster who had taken over his home, and pushed me out into the big wide world.† What the allusion portrayed was the fact the innocent child had secretly found a way out of the constraints her husband put on her, and threw herself into the arms of other men, which led to multiple affairs. As time passes by, with Twee... Free Essays on The Experience Free Essays on The Experience â€Å"The Experience† By: Jill Tweedie â€Å"Some day my prince will come†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The epigraph of this essay shows a girl’s childlike dreams, and an involved fantasy. Ironically as the essay progresses the reader is shown that the epigraph is but a bitter irony to a woman who found no refuge in love. In the opening paragraphs Tweedie made reference to the intentions she had by writing â€Å"The Experience†. She enlightens the reader to the fact that she is a white, now happily married, heterosexual female, born in one of the most fortunate parts of the globe, America. I would assume fortunate not only for the freedom America offers, but the fact that she had more of a chance to grow as a woman compared to women of other nationalities, which is still a prevalent fact today. Tweedie’s objectives were to show others her mistakes in love so they can learn from them. The essay uses several allusions to properly portray the happenings in Tweedie’s life. On page 1258 Tweedie is giving insight into the life she led during her first marriage to a man old enough to be her father. In his eyes she was an innocent girl, respectable yet irresponsible, but when her husband was away at work she began to give way to a new side of herself she was just coming to know. In an allusion to Alice in Wonderland Tweedie wrote, â€Å"I came across a cake labeled ‘eat me’ and I ate and I grew. Each day, before 5 p.m., I nibbled the other side of Alice’s cake and, in the nick of time, shrank to being a little woman again. I was always afraid I would not make it down in time and my husband would come home and fall back in horror at the monster who had taken over his home, and pushed me out into the big wide world.† What the allusion portrayed was the fact the innocent child had secretly found a way out of the constraints her husband put on her, and threw herself into the arms of other men, which led to multiple affairs. As time passes by, with Twee...

Free Essays on Richard Henry Lee

of his, full of virtue and passion, the colonies were on their way to declaring independence from Britain and becoming the United States of America. In the years leading up to and following the Declaration of Independence, Richard Henry Lee fought for the liberty of all Americans, bringing unity and morality to the colonies while working to define the United States. For his consistent contributions and influences in a variety of different areas, Richard Henry Lee was the individual most responsible for the American Revolution. Richard Henry Lee’s devotion to the American cause, which he believed to be built on virtue above all else, was the basis for his notably early and active response to Britain’s revised imperial policies on the colonies. To Lee, the asset that defined America was self-sacrifice for the better of all society. This idea became Lee’s motivation and, already in a political position in the House of Burgesses by the time the Revolution had begun, led him to take a firm stand against the Acts passed by Parliament. In 1764, â€Å"Lee confessed himself so warmed by Britain’s plan to impose a stamp tax that he could hardly contain his rage.† (Maier, 179) He believed that Britain was violating their rights as well as the English Constitution by refusing Americans the right to be governed by their own laws, and taxing without their consent. Long before any major Patriot uprisings developed, Richard Henry Lee had his foot in the door, willing to do whatever it was going to take to restore reason and justice between Britain and the colonies. Furthermore, Lee’s public actions in defying Britain’s restrictions on the colonies helped to serve as inspiration for other Americans to protest as well... Free Essays on Richard Henry Lee Free Essays on Richard Henry Lee One of the great American revolutionaries once proclaimed, â€Å"These United Colonies are, and of right ought to be free and independent States.† That man was Richard Henry Lee of Virginia. With these lasting words of his, full of virtue and passion, the colonies were on their way to declaring independence from Britain and becoming the United States of America. In the years leading up to and following the Declaration of Independence, Richard Henry Lee fought for the liberty of all Americans, bringing unity and morality to the colonies while working to define the United States. For his consistent contributions and influences in a variety of different areas, Richard Henry Lee was the individual most responsible for the American Revolution. Richard Henry Lee’s devotion to the American cause, which he believed to be built on virtue above all else, was the basis for his notably early and active response to Britain’s revised imperial policies on the colonies. To Lee, the asset that defined America was self-sacrifice for the better of all society. This idea became Lee’s motivation and, already in a political position in the House of Burgesses by the time the Revolution had begun, led him to take a firm stand against the Acts passed by Parliament. In 1764, â€Å"Lee confessed himself so warmed by Britain’s plan to impose a stamp tax that he could hardly contain his rage.† (Maier, 179) He believed that Britain was violating their rights as well as the English Constitution by refusing Americans the right to be governed by their own laws, and taxing without their consent. Long before any major Patriot uprisings developed, Richard Henry Lee had his foot in the door, willing to do whatever it was going to take to restore reason and justice between Britain and the colonies. Furthermore, Lee’s public actions in defying Britain’s restrictions on the colonies helped to serve as inspiration for other Americans to protest as well...

The 20 Largest Cities in China

The 20 Largest Cities in China China is the worlds largest country based on population with a total of 1,330,141,295 people. It is also the worlds third largest country in terms of area as it covers 3,705,407 square miles (9,596,961 sq km). China is divided into 23 provinces, five autonomous regions, and four direct-controlled municipalities. In addition, there are over 100 cities in China that have a population greater than one million people. The Most Populous Cities in China The following is a list of the twenty most populous cities in China arranged from largest to smallest. All numbers are based on the metropolitan area population or in some cases, the sub-provincial city amount. The years of the population estimate have been included for reference. All numbers were obtained from the city pages on Wikipedia.org. Those cities with an asterisk (*) are direct-controlled municipalities. 1) Beijing: 22,000,000 (2010 estimate)* 2) Shanghai: 19,210,000 (2009 estimate)* 3) Chongqing: 14,749,200 (2009 estimate)* Note: This is the urban population for Chongqing. Some estimates state that the city has a population of 30 million - this larger number is representative of both the urban and rural population. This information was obtained from the ​Chongqing Municipal Government​. ​ 4) Tianjin: 12,281,600 (2009 estimate)* 5) Chengdu: 11,000,670 (2009 estimate) 6) Guangzhou: 10,182,000 (2008 estimate) 7) Harbin: 9,873,743 (date unknown) 8) Wuhan: 9,700,000 (2007 estimate) 9) Shenzhen: 8,912,300 (2009 estimate) 10) Xian: 8,252,000 (2000 estimate) 11) Hangzhou: 8,100,000 (2009 estimate) 12) Nanjing: 7,713,100 (2009 estimate) 13) Shenyang: 7,760,000 (2008 estimate) 14) Qingdao: 7,579,900 (2007 estimate) 15) Zhengzhou: 7,356,000 (2007 estimate) 16) Dongguan: 6,445,700 (2008 estimate) 17) Dalian: 6,170,000 (2009 estimate) 18) Jinan: 6,036,500 (2009 estimate) 19) Hefei: 4,914,300 (2009 estimate) 20) Nanchang: 4,850,000 (date unknown)

Micro economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Micro economics - Essay Example Choice and revealed preference are two important factors affecting consumer demand Economic aspect looks at decision making of households. It is more concerned with demand and supply and the effect of changing prices on the former two. Marketing approach looks at not just the impact of price but also of promotions, advertising, distribution, branding etc. Economic concepts hold the condition of cetrus paribus (all else held constant). They assume that the consumer is rational and will not make un practical decisions. The marketing aspect includes the effect of emotions, feelings, point of purchase advertising material etc. They assume that the consumer can be affected something as small as the music being played in a shop. They assume that consumers can even make irrational decisions as according to the concept impulse buying. Economics is all about making choices. People make choices because they cant have everything they want. Whenever a choice is made, something is given up. The opportunity cost of that choice is the value of the best alternative given up. People whose wants are satisfied by using goods and services are called consumers. To make efficient decisions - decisions that provide the greatest possible return from the resources available, people and society must weigh the benefits and costs of using their resources to do more of some things, and less of others. The Economic approach goes into the demand and supply details. It looks at household buying power and savings. It also looks at spousal control in household buying decisions. The decision making framework (under uncertainity) is characterized as Consumer economics is also included in this area of economics. It is a broad field, principally concerned with microeconomic analysis behavior in units of consumers, families, or individuals (in contrast to traditional economics, which primarily government or business units). It sometimes also encompasses family financial planning and

Managing Working Capital Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managing Working Capital - Research Paper Example The net working capital of Syndicate Company is similar to its working capital. To find the net working capital, Syndicate clinic, subtracts the trade accounts payable from the inventories, marketable investment, and cash. The clinic used the net working capital in estimating the growth of the company. From its records, the clinic has a cash reserve to scale up the operation of the business (Gapenski, 2012). On the other hand, the working capital cycle is the time taken to convert the current assets and liabilities of the clinic into cash In the healthcare industry of today, the leaders and executives fight the challenge of lowering costs, while maintaining a quality healthcare. To increase the profit of the company, Syndicate clinic receive cash from the insurance institutions and patients early. To achieve this objective, the revenue cycle of the clinic opens until payment reaches the clinic. The management of revenue cycle is important because it gives one knowledge to lower the potential fraud, streamline the information of the clinic, and improve the client services. Some of the challenges that Syndicate clinic during revenue cycle optimization include the deficiency of flexible workforce, high and seasonal volumes, multiple touch points, lack of transparency and individual performance, and disparate work types in the clinic. The challenges causes troubles for the providers. Additionally, collection of payments from the patients is not an easy task for the providers and the problem only increase the struggle. To offset the challenges the billing professionals of the company and the physician work as a team to make sure that the patients are charged the correct payment. To manage a working capital, Syndicate Clinic need to a cash flow schedule that will be used in showing the cash inflow, cash outflow, and the balance. When the clinic offers services to its patients, there is a possibility that the company

Master dissertation proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Master dissertation proposal - Essay Example According to Henry Sweet, the real intrinsic difficulty in learning English as a foreign language lies in having to master its vocabulary. (p. 66) Indeed, the value of vocabulary for foreign learners of English is out of all proportion to its size, because, once it is mastered, it would inevitably lead to flexibility and acceptable standards in the productive use of English. Specifically, learning the English vocabulary is difficult for Arabs due to several reasons. First, there is no positive transfer between Arab and English vocabularies. There are only few English words borrowed from Arabic and that a small range of mainly English technical words such as radar, helicopter and television have found their away in Arabic vocabulary. In addition to this, wrote Swan and Smith, Arabic speakers have very few aids to reading and listening comprehension by virtue of their first language, and they should not be expected to acquire English at anything like the same pace as European learners. Here lies the significance of CALL. According to Keith Cameron, one interesting clue in vocabulary acquisition is that initially learners store vocabulary on the basis of sound, and only later on the basis of meaning. (p. 9) This is just one of the dimensions in vocabulary acquisition that CALL could address. For instance, the long period of time required to learn new words can be remarkably shortened with CALL’s capability of providing multiple exposure in varied contexts. This is particularly important because it gives the learner the opportunity to use his or her normal vocabulary learning faculties such as guessing, inducing, experimenting, checking, refining hypothesis, among others. (Cameron, p. 9) The above arguments in regard to the potential of CALL in improving vocabulary acquisition are the main subject of this research. This paper seeks to identify the positive effects as well as the disadvantages of the vocabulary learning strategies that feature CALL. The

The Changes in Business Strategies for the Royal Furniture Term Paper - 1

The Changes in Business Strategies for the Royal Furniture - Term Paper Example In order to cope with these challenges, Royal Furniture has to bring a positive change in the company’s overall structure through the integration of change management, organizational behavior, and corporate strategies. This is important to sustain long-term modifications because critics argue that change management comes along with unavoidable risks and failures (Burnes, 2009). Hence Royal Furniture would have to critically evaluate its past and present performance prior to making future strategies. The Royal Furniture is operating in the international furniture industry for more than four decades. However, the company is currently facing immense challenges in terms of business policies, structure, and people. For instance, competition is drastically increasing because competitors are implementing new management and marketing strategies. Moreover, the business environment all over the world is now dominated by customized products and services. This has persuaded many organizations to change their traditional business structure and policies. Globalization has greatly facilitated business expansion while unveiling new markets and business opportunities, but it has also boosted the competition in the international consumer market subsequently leading to the change in business environment (Gottschalk, 2007). The consumer mindset is transforming as per the latest trends prevailing in the society which has been facilitated by intense communication networks. Social networking and internet marketing has proved fairly beneficial to the progress and development of different organizations.  

Research paper discussing the use of progress monitoring can help Article

Research paper discussing the use of progress monitoring can help provide educators with a valuable tool to improve their own teaching - Article Example One way that a teacher can tell whether one method of teaching is better than another is by using progress monitoring assessments (Johnson, 2005, p. 319). In the absence of these assessments, teachers would subjectively prefer methods with limited effectiveness; hence leading to poor learning outcomes. Succeeding sections of this paper contains detailed description of benefits offered by progress monitoring tools to teachers. The first step in the application of progress monitoring involves determining a learner’s actual rate of academic performance. Teachers can identify this rate by administering bi-weekly measurement of student’s average score in class tests (Gloria, 2010). Subsequently, a comparison between the actual rate of learning and the average or expected rate of learning is developed. Average rates of learning are usually the normal mean rates used within a local academic context. Comparing the two rates will objectively ascertain whether or not a student has learning difficulties. In addition, the comparison also facilitates determination of effectiveness from each teaching method used by educators. After capturing the facts concerning a student’s actual progress, educators can adjust instructional techniques and other intervention responses accordingly (Evans & Lang, 2006). Technically, the first benefit of progress monitoring assessments to teachers is formulation of informed decisions on instructional techniques. Conroy and Holly (2013) agreed that progress monitoring helps to pinpoint a student’s rate of learning. Sometimes, teachers may rest content with a misconception that a student is progressing expectedly because that student passes each test in class. However, progress monitoring is not about focusing on a single point of an academic journey. It is about checking whether a student’s pace of learning will facilitate achievement of pre-determined goals

New Technology in the Medical Field Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

New Technology in the Medical Field - Essay Example many healthcare organizations have come up with privacy and security policies that govern the access, use and exposure of organization’s information in order to minimize such risks. An analysis of the privacy and security policies of three recognized healthcare organizations namely Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Mayo Foundation and Georgetown University Medical Centers reveals some themes that are among them. For all the three healthcare organisations unauthorised access of the organisation’s information is not allowed. This could be those that are stored in computers or those produced as hard copies. In relation to this, there is no unauthorised alteration, revision, transmission or modification of the organisations information or other information within the organisation’s system (Georgetown University Medical Centers, 2007, Mayo Foundation, 2002 and BIDMC Technology Resources Policy, 2007). For all confidential information or programs installed in the organisation’s computers, the staff must get authority from the organisations information officer or office in order to access, delete or modify them. All information deemed to be confidential is protected from external access and their release or exposure constitutes a breach of the security and privacy policies. All staff are not allowed to use the organisations IT for activities that are not related to the organisation’s business activities so as to limit the availability of the network resources to other people. Remote access to organisation’s information is not allowed except for selected workstations or persons authorised by the chief information officer. There are some security and privacy policies that differ significantly between the three healthcare organizations. An example are policies relating to personal privacy when using the organization’s computer information or technology resources. In Mayo Foundation, no one has the permission to access a computer using another

Research paper discussing the use of progress monitoring can help Article

Research paper discussing the use of progress monitoring can help provide educators with a valuable tool to improve their own teaching - Article Example One way that a teacher can tell whether one method of teaching is better than another is by using progress monitoring assessments (Johnson, 2005, p. 319). In the absence of these assessments, teachers would subjectively prefer methods with limited effectiveness; hence leading to poor learning outcomes. Succeeding sections of this paper contains detailed description of benefits offered by progress monitoring tools to teachers. The first step in the application of progress monitoring involves determining a learner’s actual rate of academic performance. Teachers can identify this rate by administering bi-weekly measurement of student’s average score in class tests (Gloria, 2010). Subsequently, a comparison between the actual rate of learning and the average or expected rate of learning is developed. Average rates of learning are usually the normal mean rates used within a local academic context. Comparing the two rates will objectively ascertain whether or not a student has learning difficulties. In addition, the comparison also facilitates determination of effectiveness from each teaching method used by educators. After capturing the facts concerning a student’s actual progress, educators can adjust instructional techniques and other intervention responses accordingly (Evans & Lang, 2006). Technically, the first benefit of progress monitoring assessments to teachers is formulation of informed decisions on instructional techniques. Conroy and Holly (2013) agreed that progress monitoring helps to pinpoint a student’s rate of learning. Sometimes, teachers may rest content with a misconception that a student is progressing expectedly because that student passes each test in class. However, progress monitoring is not about focusing on a single point of an academic journey. It is about checking whether a student’s pace of learning will facilitate achievement of pre-determined goals

Employment Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Employment Law - Essay Example The contract of employment is the cornerstone of the employment relationship. In Gascol Conversions Ltd., v Mercer1 Courts found that contracts of employment, like all other contracts, consist of express and implied terms and the written statement is only evidence of the various contractual terms and, unless the employee has agreed that it accurately represents those terms, it is not binding on the employee. Here the argument is that at the time of recruiting the employee, employer can impose these restrictive clauses. Restrictive covenants are terms in a contract of employment that limit the employees activities following termination of their employment. Now it need to consider the capacity of Balmoral to change or impose new restrict covenant. In RS Components v Irwin2, a case before the National Industrial Relations Court the employer decided that it needed to introduce restrictive covenants. The NIRC held that held that there was nothing in the section to preclude the tribunal from finding. The dismissal on the grounds of the needs to impose the new restriction fells within the some other substantial reason category. If employees refused to sign, the new contract could therefore be dismissed. Here the Court noted that the employer would have to devise covenants that were not void. It is a landmark case that decided in 1973 should demonstrate best practice, rather than Windsor Recruitment v Silverwood and others3, which decided in 2006. Employment law still has the capacity to spring a surprise. In Hanover Insurance Brokers Ltd v Schapiro4 the CA Dillon LJ argued that a restriction that seeks to prohibit a defendant from poaching any employee, irrespective of expertise or juniority and including those who entered employment after the defendant left, is invalid5. In Living Design (Home Improvements) Ltd. v Davidson6 the CA has recognized the possibility of a restrictive covenant sufficient to

Advantages and Disadvantages of Franchising

Advantages and Disadvantages of Franchising Franchising Franchising is arrangement where one party (the franchiser) grants another party (the franchisee) the right to use trade-name as well as certain business systems and processes, to produce and market good or service according to certain specification. The franchisee usually pays a one-time franchise-fee plus a percentage of sales revenueas royalty, and gains immediate name cognition, tried and tested products, standard building and decor,detailed technique in running and promoting the business, training of employees, and ongoing help in promoting and upgrading of the products. The franchiser gains rapid expansion of business and earningsat minimum capital-outlay. Feature of the franchise is that each buyer undertakes to fulfill the various conditions and requirements of the seller (franchiser), related to the production and sale of goods and the provision of related services to consumers. Thus, in the world market there are groups of companies united in a single system under the auspices of a major international corporation. Its partners in the contract the franchisor provides advice on corporate location, selects equipment, helps in training, advice on management, and may also provide financial assistance. All this facilitates the standardization and unification of products and services of the companies included in the system of franchising provides unity on market events, style and design, the quality of goods and services sold the centralization of procurement related savings (and the additional benefit to the franchisor). Advantages of franchising mode are following (Kotler, 2002, p. 377): Rapid expansion of sales markets, the increase in sales volume and the territorial expansion of the business Absence of the cost of the vertically-integrated network management (reduction of personnel costs) A lower level of own capital investment Lift the prestige of the company and its trademark, recognition from the customers, increased confidence in the quality and range of products a single company Income from the sale of the license and renting real estate franchise and equipment Profit from lending opportunities franchisees and reducing the time of turnover. Disadvantages of franchising mode are following (Kotler, 2002, p. 377): The likelihood of a smaller part of the profits from the franchise business than on their own Low reputation of one of the franchises in the absence of proper quality control can affect the reputation of the firm; Difficulty in controlling the reliability of financial reporting franchisee The franchisor is preparing a possible competitor in the face of franchisee company Joint ventures Joint ventures are often created for access to foreign markets, company’s decision to team up with their foreign partner, sharing ownership and control over the activities of the company. In world practice, there are many examples of well-known association of firms and corporations to tap new markets and gain competitive advantage. Creation of a joint venture may be the preferred method of access to foreign markets for the following reasons: 1. If the company lacks the financial, technological, managerial and other resources for self-development in foreign markets 2. If the government does not admit to its market foreign companies or subsidiaries without the participation of local capital for some political or economic reasons; 3. When the company, for economic reasons, team up with a foreign company for the joint production, the sale of which will provide the company higher profits due to the low cost of use of local resources (labor, raw materials, etc.) However, with all advantages of the using joint venture as entry mode for entering and presenting on the international market there are a few problems, the main ones are (Kotler, 2002, p. 377): 1. Contradictions between the partners in the joint venture what may be related to different points of view on the use of the profits of the enterprise, management and implementation of marketing activities, areas of investment, and etc.; 2. The need for a strong partnership in the creation and funding of the joint venture may hamper the implementation of the transnational corporation its own, universal for all countries production and marketing policy. Foreign direct investment The most complete form of the involvement of a foreign market is the investment of capital in the creation own overseas assembly and production plants. The meaning of direct foreign investment is defined by the so-called concept of control. The main idea of this mode of entry is that a foreign investor investing in the purchase or construction companies abroad controls further management decisions in this venture. And he does not have to have a 100% ownership interest in it; even a small percentage of shares may be sufficient to establish control over decision-making (Kotler, 2002, p. 378): On the other side, even all shares do not provide absolute control: if the government dictates whom the company should hire, distribution of revenue, what should company sell and at what price. However, usage of this foreign market entry mode includes several advantages (Kotler, 2002, p. 378): 1. All the profit from investments belongs to the company and it can use it at its own discretion, carrying out their own long-term production and marketing strategies; 2. The firm can increase its profits thought gaining working experience in a large international market with the help of usages local cheap raw materials, labor, saving on transportation costs, etc., as well as expanding sales and conducting effective marketing activities; 3. Paying taxes to the budget of the foreign state and creating jobs, the company can secure a favorable image in government and among the population; 4. Due to establishing close favorable relations with suppliers, distributors, agents and customers the company can better adapt its products, services and marketing programs to the characteristics of the foreign market, thus constantly improving its competitiveness. Direct investment capital to the foreign market is carried out in two forms: the export of venture capital and loan capital. Venture capital imported into the international market in the form of direct and portfolio investment. Direct investment involves the purchase or acquisition of the total local company’s controlling stake. Portfolio investment means buying shares of local companies that are insufficient to establish control over them. Loan capital is loans provided by states, companies, banks, administrative regions, municipalities, etc. Loans divided on two groups: short-term (up to two years) and long term (over two years) (Kotler, 2002, p. 378).

Essay --

an’s Sexual Theme Throughout subsequent editions of Leaves of Grass, Walt Whitman introduces and revises his controversial theme of sexuality. Whitman wanted to celebrate sexuality and did so with homosexual overtones. Any work will be considered controversial if it contains sexuality, but up until the mid-18th century homosexuality was yet to be coined a sexual identity. Throughout Whitman’s eight editions of Leaves of Grass (1855-1891-92), controversy arouse, stating his poetry contained trashy and obscene sexual language. Whitman argued the public was placing too much emphasis on the sexual content and not fully embracing his work as a whole. He held too much pride to blatantly change or censor his work but over time did make subtle alterations and omission of lines (Killingsworth). Early on, Whitman was inspired by Ralph Waldo Emerson’s 1843 essay, The Poet (â€Å"Author Profile.†). Emerson called for an American poet to also celebrate the spirit and nature of man, to celebra te individualism instead of embracing the social order of things (Willcox). Whitman, optimistic with the new changes in American literature, set out to answer Emerson and embarked on a journey of becoming a very unique and great American poet (â€Å"Author Profile.†). Whitman experimented constantly with his editions of Leaves of Grass. Although the more blatantly obvious changes included his design through binding, paper size, and font style, the more thought provoking changes occurred overtime through revision. Upon completing, he sent out numerous review copies of his first edition receiving a notable response from Ralph Waldo Emerson welcoming him, â€Å"at the beginning of a greet career.† (Baym 22). Besides Emerson’s quick, uplifting response it was considere... ...ge in poetic style was difficult for his contemporaries to overcome, especially deriving from Whitman himself. His bolder topics and greater focus on nature and man is what fueled his poetry. Besides his written poems, Whitman gave off this sense of everyday life through his frontispiece and title page of the first edition of Leaves of Grass. An image of Whitman himself is the frontispiece, bearded, one arm â€Å"akimbo,† hand in pocket, workingman’s hat on his slightly cocked head, shirt unbuttoned at his collar, looking directly at the reader (Baym 21). His self-presentation of a rough working man was seen as absurdly unconventional for an artist. But that’s just what Whitman wanted, he wanted to stir the pot and make people think differently. This frontispiece provides a very powerful lead-in to how Whitman was reshaping poetry to a more naturalistic perspective. Essay -- an’s Sexual Theme Throughout subsequent editions of Leaves of Grass, Walt Whitman introduces and revises his controversial theme of sexuality. Whitman wanted to celebrate sexuality and did so with homosexual overtones. Any work will be considered controversial if it contains sexuality, but up until the mid-18th century homosexuality was yet to be coined a sexual identity. Throughout Whitman’s eight editions of Leaves of Grass (1855-1891-92), controversy arouse, stating his poetry contained trashy and obscene sexual language. Whitman argued the public was placing too much emphasis on the sexual content and not fully embracing his work as a whole. He held too much pride to blatantly change or censor his work but over time did make subtle alterations and omission of lines (Killingsworth). Early on, Whitman was inspired by Ralph Waldo Emerson’s 1843 essay, The Poet (â€Å"Author Profile.†). Emerson called for an American poet to also celebrate the spirit and nature of man, to celebra te individualism instead of embracing the social order of things (Willcox). Whitman, optimistic with the new changes in American literature, set out to answer Emerson and embarked on a journey of becoming a very unique and great American poet (â€Å"Author Profile.†). Whitman experimented constantly with his editions of Leaves of Grass. Although the more blatantly obvious changes included his design through binding, paper size, and font style, the more thought provoking changes occurred overtime through revision. Upon completing, he sent out numerous review copies of his first edition receiving a notable response from Ralph Waldo Emerson welcoming him, â€Å"at the beginning of a greet career.† (Baym 22). Besides Emerson’s quick, uplifting response it was considere... ...ge in poetic style was difficult for his contemporaries to overcome, especially deriving from Whitman himself. His bolder topics and greater focus on nature and man is what fueled his poetry. Besides his written poems, Whitman gave off this sense of everyday life through his frontispiece and title page of the first edition of Leaves of Grass. An image of Whitman himself is the frontispiece, bearded, one arm â€Å"akimbo,† hand in pocket, workingman’s hat on his slightly cocked head, shirt unbuttoned at his collar, looking directly at the reader (Baym 21). His self-presentation of a rough working man was seen as absurdly unconventional for an artist. But that’s just what Whitman wanted, he wanted to stir the pot and make people think differently. This frontispiece provides a very powerful lead-in to how Whitman was reshaping poetry to a more naturalistic perspective.

Comparing the Characters of The Stranger (The Outsider) and The Trial :: comparison compare contrast essays

Characters of  Camus’ The Stranger (The Outsider) and  Kafka’s The Trial    The characters of the chaplain, in Albert Camus’ The Outsider, and the priest, in Franz Kafka’s The Trial, are quite similar, and are pivotal to the development of the novel. These characters serve essentially to bring the question of God and religion to probe the existentialist aspects of it, in novels completely devoid of religious context. The main idea visible about these two characters is that they are both the last ones seen by the protagonists, Mearsault and K., both non-believers in the word of the lord. Whereas the chaplain in The Outsider tries to make Mearsault believe in the existence of god, the priest tries to warn and explain to K. what will happen to him. The reason the chaplain is the last one to see Mearsault is becasue it’s his job to let the prisioners have a final shot at redemption before they are executed. The reason that K. meets with the priest is out of advice given to him by someone, and he is the last character that he shows K. interac ting with (although it might be true that K. meets and interacts with other people after the meeting, but they are neither mentioned nor visible later on). The priest doesn’t try and make K. confess or anything of the sort, he is mainly there to converse with the character, his religious position is almost put to no use. The existentialist view of religion is that humans have been alienated from god, from each other, and so forth. In the novel Crime and Punishment, by Fyodor Dostoevsky, the christian idea of salvation through suffering is omnipresent throughout the novel. What is visible with The Trial and The Outsider is that they don’t touch on the aspect of religion much throughout the story (The Outsider has bits and pieces of it appearing in his cross examinations but they are used more to mock than in an analitical sense). The presence of these two characters at the end of the novel serves to cover all the existentialist areas known to existemtialists (although i t is doubtful whether the authors consciously attempted to make the character’s present because of any existentialist rules they had to follow). The characters are required to structure the novels, beside the obvious existentialist areas.

How to support positive outcomes for young people Essay

If children are to achieve positive outcomes in life, it is essential that their rights are promoted are protected, they are entitled to: Equality, Inclusion and Diversity. The Definitions of the following are: Equality; opportunities to develop and learn, while their physical and emotional safety and well being are protected. Inclusion; access to appropriate settings and the experiences they offer. Diversity; acknowledgement of and respect for their individuality. Promoting positive outcomes for children depends on promoting Equality, Inclusion and Diversity in ways which are appropriate to their individual characters and requirements. Each school must produce a range of policies which formally set out the guidelines & procedures for ensuring equality. These must take account of the rights of all individuals & groups within the school. When considering the way policies work to ensure equality & inclusion, we often just think of the teaching & learning that is happening within the classroom. Policies must also pay regard to the values & practice which are part of all aspects of school life. The rights of all children & young people are stated in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989). The UK government ratified the treaty in 1991 & must ensure that the rights of children in the UK are protected through law. Two examples of different policies are: Special Educational Needs & Disability Act 2001 Makes it unlawful for educational providers to discriminate against pupils with a special educational need or a disability. Disability Discrimination Act 2005 Places a duty for schools to produce a Disability Equality Scheme (DES) & an access plan. Schools must encourage participation in all aspects of school life & eliminate harassment & unlawful discrimination. I have chosen to include these two policies as I agree with them for a start and it gives children so many more opportunities to learn normally without being discriminated or bullied. Children need stability within their working area especially those with a disability or impairment. And with these policies in place it will help schools to achieve this to the best of their ability therefore helping the children achieve to high standards.

Impact of Mass Media Essay

Enculturation has undeniably been influenced by mass media. Meanwhile, enculturation is defined as â€Å"the gradual acceptance by a person or group of the standards and practices of another person or culture† (MSN Encarta Encyclopedia Online, 2009). Mass media, on the other hand, is the â€Å"technological means of sending information, ideas, opinion, etc. through the mass commuinication device to a diverse audience† (National Institute of Open Schooling, 2009). In changing and molding the culture, mass media has become an essential factor. Due to the important influence of mass media in enculturation, both has inevitably become inseparable. Through mass media, communication and information dissemination has become more effective and swift. The information about one country is immediately transmitted to another place which will eventually influence that place. The influence of mass media, however, can be good or bad to young people. For example, the young people has also been assaulted with a series of conflicting messages that has relation to human decency, respect for others, and peaceful co-existence in one place through the power of mass media (Deci and Ryan). It is also noteworthy that an artist can easily influence the culture of young people through the power of mass media. Britney Spears, for example, has been an icon in some other parts of the world. Her styles and songs were inculcated in the minds of young people and made others emulate her entirely. Furthermore, the impact on enculturation by the mass media have become stronger because of the techological innovations like the internet. People from other parts of the world has come to understand the lifestyles of others. It has effectively eliminated physical, philosophical, religious, and political boundaries among nations. It can be noted that during the 9/11 attack, the world’s view about terrorists and terrorism have changed. Ramarkably, peaceful talks has also been possible among nations having different religious beliefs and government. Hence, mass media has been an effective means in shaping one’s own culture and the acceptance of other people’s culture.

Using opnet, investigation of qos in ip over atm and ip over mpls networks

1. Current SituationMajor advancement has been made to suggest webs with the installation to guarantee the QoS for the existent clip informations. As there are job like, end-to-end hold and hold jitter are typically introduces due to random line uping in the web routers. During the current old ages existent clip applications for case, picture cyclosis, synergistic games and voice over IP have turn out to be progressively well-liked among computing machine users. These applications are normally delay responsive and typically requires superior interventions in order to satisfy a needful degree of Quality of Services ( QoS ) bounds.Literature Reappraisal:[ 1 ] Due to its detonation into concern, there is better every bit good as extra imperative demand for ISPs ( Internet Service Providers ) industry to be capable to offer and every bit good keep QoS. Equally far as ATM is concerned it gives a enriched set of QoS means with a extended scope of service classs. However, QoS form which pre sents a really good control over the traffic parametric quantities demanded and managed. In add-on, most of the ISPs are already utilizing ATM in their backend webs. But there are certain jobs which I will further discourse in interim study. The purpose of this thesis is to do a comparing and to happen out which web is better sing QoS mechanisms to ease the proposed for IP. Battaglia and Kiilat [ 2 ] However, MPLS is chiefly known as Multiprotocol Label shift every bit good as it is basically a strategy that work outs to send on packages professionally and accordingly quickly. With the transition of clip, to better the quality of MPLS a heading is to the full dedicated to work between the layer2 and layer3 heading is formulated. MPLS competent routers instantly look at this heading in doing to send on the determination. MPLS is able to back up spheres, hierarchal routing and be capable to be used for burrowing intent. Domain restrictions are described by bounds of a router which inserts the suited label onto a stack, which is eliminated with the aid of boundary router. A path can be peculiarly specified by a router. During burrowing the entree of Label Switched Router describes the whole Label Switched Path all the manner through the tunnel. Gnauck IP and ATM are considered as complimentary someway competitory. IP has increased prevailing credence and is here to remain as a hereafter engineering. On the other manus, its unworldly structural design that allowed in accomplishing its irrefutable point is the major defects that there are research groups are seeking to turn to this issue. As a affair of fact, QoS is one such important failing of IP. Nonetheless, ATM boasts of a structural design which has relatively complicated techniques of supplying QoS. Conversely, another of import fact is cost, inactiveness and trouble, ATM did non carry through its touted aeriform place. Chris At the same clip as ATM claims to supply QoS confidences, it yet can non make anything above bed 2. This portrays that every bed 3 flows as a consequence, have been combined jointly can non be distinguished by ATM, and as a consequence they all end up disputing each other and an extra for the similar resources. Therefore, there is desirable a manner to set into pattern that helps in commanding traffic control, every bit good as this is most magnificently ended in the bed Myungsik QoS tremendously in the Internet is issue that has been reasonably acquiring some critical concentration from the networking community every bit good companies. The most well-liked 1s heading for dependability at the present are DiffServ and InterServ which assures to give QoS, possibly end-to-end in IP. Despite the fact that, prosecuting in the effort to even out the proficient demands are in a province of fluctuation and developing. Alternatively, of networking field ATM is puting up for itself a place, in the ISP anchors in add-on to these parts the web applied scientists are troubled with the interoperability of IP over ATM. Whereas, this has been complete reasonably much done, the confronts recline in doing successful usage of the intrinsic potency of QoS mechanisms in ATM in a status every bit shortly as running IP on top. This type of steps steps, entirely Intserv and DiffServ and MPLS-DiffServ sing ATM must be good thought-out beside with the aid of interoperation pr ocedure of signaling protocol RSVP. Problems that have been addressed and topen issues are discussed in this literature reappraisal.2. Problem AreasIP out ATM is now extensively deployed and successfully work outing the job of cyberspace working, interoperability and aid in cut downing end-to-end hold job. Now, I am seeking to screen out all the issues and jobs presently in QoS in IP over ATM and IP over MPLS Networks. For case,How to cut down end-to-end holds? How to efficaciously better the multimedia traffics? To look into which 1 is better attack QOS in IP over ATM and IP over MPLS webs? To look into the hereafter secure web? Comparison between QOS in IP over ATM and IP over MPLS webs? Which technique is better for multimedia traffic? In existent state of affairss in the field country there are diverse obstructions to ease the consequence of transmittal of signal. I am besides analyzing about how to prove the impact of obstructions in OPNET.3. Key Work during the Following Time periodI will finish my first three aims before to subject interim study. I will besides plan a MANET scenario to prove the public presentation of routing protocols when mobility addition and lessening.To happen out major differences between QOS in IP over ATM and IP over MPLS websPreliminary background of major jobs in both websTheoretical analysis, contrast and classification of the techniques used by both websAs a consequence, to happen out most first-class simulation techniques and rules involved in transporting out patterning. To happen out which web is better. To see simulation tools used in proving stage.

Brief response Michael Richards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Brief response Michael Richards - Essay Example Being a performer with his long experience, he should have known that distractions may occur on such establishments without the motive of the patrons to intentionally create a disturbance. However, Richard reacted to the situation and showed unprofessional attitude during the 2006 November 17 incident at the Laugh Factory. Richard made an appearance on the David Letterman show and made a public apology to Kyle Doss and Frank McBride, another target of the outburst. However, the two did not accept the apology and filed a case against Richard. They felt that what Richard did was not sincere and was forced as a resort to save his career. This may be justifiable since the image created in the mind of the public was that Richard was a racist. With it being on record and with the patrons who witnessed the outburst, the statements he threw to the targets were generally addressed to the black American race and not specifically or individually addressed and it was made in public. Doing public apology on air is much more of an appeal to the audiences and viewers. Because if he is indeed sincere with his apologies, he should have approached and seek the forgiveness of Kyle and the target group in private before appearing on public to make amends to those black Americans who viewed and learned what he did. Richard may have denied that he’s a racist but his actions prove a different story. Just like a â€Å"slip of the tongue†, his opinion about blacks were revealed during his outburst. The way his mind works during that incident showed his low opinion of the black culture. If he indeed has compassion for black people, those offending words should have not left his mouth. Since he is not a dark-colored skin American, and the used the word â€Å"nigger†, he has a lot of explaining to do. As Wyann’s mentioned, their culture much have the right to use the

Azerbaijan as a tourism destination Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Azerbaijan as a tourism destination - Term Paper Example Hence, the foreign tourist may decide to stay in a five star hotel; whereas the domestic tourist may decide to stay in a hotel which is relatively less luxurious in nature. From the perspective of economics though, it has to be mentioned that a foreign tourist may decide to come to certain cities of a country on frequent basis and hence should given proper attention. On the other hand the domestic tourists are also of equal importance as the local population of a country also acts like brand ambassador of the nation. Overall the Azerbaijan must make sure that the products or services offered are as per the nature and the need of the target market segment. For foreign customers, including the people who would visit the country for business purposes there should be availability of five star and equivalent luxury hotels. However, the needs of the domestic customers should be kept in mind. The domestic customers may not have the same purchasing power or may not want to spend so much of m oney while travelling. Hence, hotels that are not so luxurious in nature should also be a part of the overall product mix. But, quality of the products offered in the both the cases hold not be compromised. Market Segmentation Ever before segmenting the market it must be mentioned that the segmentation has been done based on the criteria of actionable market segments such as discrete, measurable, viable, appropriateness. Discrete means that the segment must be separately identifiable by the marketer based on specific variables of segmentation. Measurable means that the main features of the segments must be measurable through appropriate market research data. Viable means that the segments must be viable enough to generate revenue in the long run. Appropriateness refers to the fact that the segments must be mutually contribute to the positioning of the service or producer offered by the producer. Azerbaijan is the largest nation in the Caucasus region. It is on the cross roads of Wes tern Asia and Europe. It is the one of the largest population in the southern Caucasus. However, more importantly the country is the wealthiest population mainly due to the oil and gas reserves. Total GDP per capita of the country is $10, 340. The travel industry of the country started with various international travel agencies like AMEX or HRG. But now the country has other home grown leisure operators. The main travel season starts from June to August and New Year. Average time span of stay for foreign customers is seven to fifteen days. When it comes to foreign tourists Russia and Georgia are the two major sources of inbound arrivals due to the high level of business and neighboring locations (Czinzota, Ronkainen, Moffett, Marinova & Marinov, 2009). Domestic travelers (Azeri) travel in small groups which include children, parents and grandparents. The foreign tourists mainly include young professionals mainly from neighboring countries as well as people belonging to the upper mid dle class. The Geographic target market segments include both native and foreign citizens. Ideally the native citizens would most likely belong to the urban cities of the country and the foreign tourists would be most likely from countries like Russia, Turkey, and Georgia. Such tourists may visit the city for business and (or) vacation. For Demographic Segmentation people belonging

The Media and Some of Valarie Geller's Philosophies Research Paper

The Media and Some of Valarie Geller's Philosophies - Research Paper Example In 2009, she went back to Holland to showcase her book â€Å"Creating Powerful Radio - Getting, Keeping & Growing Audiences† and to give more information about how the book can be utilized to its maximum with some of the information that it provides such as how to get and maintain an audience as well as topics on management and how to make it in the radio industry. Valarie has since had a key interest in radio. She has always had the idea that radio should be revolutionized so as to make it interactive and not just a source to communicate information to its audiences. This is evidenced by the fact that she has written books that handle topics on effective communication. Another factor is that she coaches radio personnel to be dynamic in that, proper communication, interaction and involvement ought to attract a lot of audiences. Some of her contributions to news/talk format radio include the fact that she trains broadcasters to up their skills in relation to media content, crea tivity, caring about the listeners and generally connecting with the audience. Geller has influenced the medium of radio in terms of understanding what the audience wants and being able to give it to them; she also has managed to capture the minds of audiences by talking on interesting events and news. Geller has had major philosophies that she has since implemented and they have reaped benefits. These include; making the most out a listeners time. This is by ensuring that each second a broadcaster is speaking to the audience; they make an impact at that moment. Telling the truth is another philosophy that Geller insists on.

Attachment and bullying Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Attachment and bullying - Essay Example Informed consent was taken into consideration at the start of any research project (Shank, 2002). Consent is about participants making a reasonable choice to take part in the study, and, as such, their aspirations need to â€Å"fit† with the goals of the research (Mason, 1997). The researcher made sure that the participants were fully informed. In addition the researcher discussed the potential consent form with their supervisor and colleagues. The researcher also had the form submitted to the university’s research ethics committee. This highlighted to the researcher potential ambiguities in meaning, confusing sentences and missing information that are likely to invalidate the measures (Patton, 2000). It was predicted that the present study would extend understandings about gaining informed consent from participants, and would add to the debate of this issue within the social science research community. Hence, this study’s final thesis was to provide clear and concise information to the procedures for gaining participant consent, and also set out to contribute discourse on this topic, and to inform readers. Additionally, it was expected that the potential for this research to be published would contribute to legal and ethical issues relating to research with humans, as well as public accountability and encouraging the practice of reporting consent procedures to stimulate ethical debate (Mason, 1997). Informed consent requires the awareness of the researcher that participation is dependent on an individual’s understanding of the goals of the study, and what is expected of the participant. Informed consent ensured respect for the dignity of the participant (Mack et al., 2005). Coercion into participation was avoided at all costs, as the study requires that participation be voluntary (Penslar, 1995). Thus, informed consent was to ensure the well being of participants as its priority. Additionally,

Fashion Theory And Fashion Practice Literature review

Fashion Theory And Fashion Practice - Literature review Example This paper focuses on the fashion industry. Fashion practice wholly depends on the ability to establish brands that meet the fashion needs of a particular target market during a particular era. For this reason, companies such as Coco Chanel and Yves Saint-Laurent keep a close tab on the changing preferences of the clients with time, hence are able to provide what the clients exactly need (Myers et al. 2011). Some of the towns that have been known for their fashion and have well-established international fashion houses include Paris, Milan, London and New York (Scaraboto & Fischer 2014). These cities house some of the greatest fashion companies in the world; the residents in these cities demonstrate a culture that appreciates fashion and art, hence the reason for the flourishing fashion wear industry. Fashion weeks are usually organized for the designers to display new fashion collections. This has forced the designers to go an extra mile in as far as creativity and innovation in the fashion industry is concerned. In conclusion, fashion is a habitual trend or popular practice that is time-bound and keeps changing depending on age, gender, race, culture, and religion, among other influential factors within the target market. this is the reason that makes the fashion industry a very expansive and dynamic sector that requires a very talented and creative labor force that has the ability to think beyond the obvious and design unique styles that will keep customers coming for more as is sufficiently exhibited by in the blooms bury journals.

Consider William Blakes presentation of love in the poem The Clod and the Pebble Essay Example for Free

Consider William Blakes presentation of love in the poem The Clod and the Pebble Essay (b) Paying close attention to language and form, write a critical appreciation of the following poem, considering William Blake’s presentation of love in the poem ‘The Clod and the Pebble’. The Clod and the Pebble Love seeketh not itself to please, Nor for itself hath any care, But for another gives its ease, And builds a Heaven in Hells despair. So sung a little Clod of Clay 5 Trodden with the cattles feet, But a Pebble of the brook Warbled out these metres meet: Love seeketh only self to please, To bind another to its delight, 10 Joys in anothers loss of ease, And builds a Hell in Heavens despite. The ostensible cuteness of the poem The Clod and the Pebble perhaps masks a more morbid and deeply cynical assessment of love by the poet William Blake. Initially, the contrast between the clod and the pebble’s speeches on love might encourage a positive response to the clod’s optimism about how love can rescue us from even the most hellish position. The pebble’s pessimism about love, on the other hand, is unpleasant and unsettling, but it’s also a more accurate reflection of the brutal nature of the world as it is depicted in the poem. Blake’s presentation of love, then, is ambivalent. While the ideal that love is able to overcome any circumstance is appealing, it might not be a realistic assessment in the context of the world’s cruelty. Blake’s personification of the clod and the pebble captures two very different human experiences. We are told that the clod is â€Å"trodden with the cattle’s feet.† With the word â€Å"trodden† Blake captures the experience of continual hardship, and being repeatedly downtrodden, subjugated and abused. There is also tactile imagery of weight and pressure from the â€Å"cattle’s feet,† restricting the clod and forcing it into a new shape. In this way, the clod is described as though it experiences human suffering. It makes us think about someone who has had to become flexible to fit the continual hardship of their circumstances reflected in the physical properties of a soft clod of clay. It is then pleasantly surprising that the clod sings about love in the most optimistic way. On the one hand, the clod’s optimism concerning love is deeply admirable, and the parallel structure used to present this speech alongside the pebble’s emphasises that optimism in the most appealing way. The clod states that love â€Å"builds a Heaven in Hell’s despair,† while the pebble states that it â€Å"builds a Hell in Heaven’s despite.† The clod speaks from the context of a hellish existence that entails pain and suffering, and endows love with the capacity to transcend such an experience and create a heavenly existence of joy and happiness. The pebble, on the other hand, speaks from a comparatively heavenly existence and instead endows love with the capacity to corrupt that existence with the pain and suffering suggested by the word â€Å"Hell.† Our feeling that the clod is admirably optimistic ten evolves into a feeling that we too want and even believe that love will rescue and provide solace to this figure. Conversely, the parallel structure also helps to emphasise the pebble’s pessimism. The clod declares that â€Å"love seeketh not itself,† while the pebble answers that â€Å"love seeketh only self.† The phrases â€Å"not itself† and â€Å"only self† create a clear juxtaposition here of the two views of love. The first underscores it as essentially selfless, while the other underscores it as absolutely and solely selfish. Moreover, while the clod sings happily about how love â€Å"for another gives its ease† the pebble responds with how love â€Å"joys in another’s loss of ease.† The clods words suggest an action of willing self-sacrifice, while the pebbles words suggest a selfish acquisition that leaves another diminished. Of course, the pebble’s view means that there is no hope for the clod and that love in fact provides no Heaven. Furthemore, the pebble’s assessment of love is deeply cynical and ugly. It is, however, true to both its own experience and that of the clod. The clod is â€Å"trodden† upon while the pebble is â€Å"of the brook.† We imagine a gentle and tranquil existence within the soft current of a stream. Traditionally, however, rivers also symbolise a journey from innocence to worldliness. The water represents the experience that flows over us during life, leaving us more aware. This experience has left the pebble implacable. We imagine someone who has become hardened from experience and this is reflected in the physical properties of the pebble. Now the water is forced to bend around the pebble, just as the clod must bend around the feet of the cattle. This is a depiction of the world’s harshness and cruelty, and we cannot help but appreciate that it is the pebble’s assessment of love that more accurately reflects it. To conclude, perhaps the poem is as much about idealism and realism as it is about love. Love, after all, is subject to our tendency to be both idealistic and realistic. Ultimately though, it seems that the depiction of the world as harsh and brutal confirms a negative view of love as equally harsh and brutal. At the very least, the poem encourages us to be ambivalent of love and not suppose it to be a kind of saviour capable of transcending all.

Impacts of Volcanic Eruptions on Urban Communities

Impacts of Volcanic Eruptions on Urban Communities Volcanoes, Environment and People Degree Assessment Compare and contrast the impacts of volcanic eruptions on urban communities in pre industrial and post – industrial evolution societies. Introduction The industrial revolution refers to a period in history that roughly occurred between 1760 and 1840, which saw the transition from old to newer manufacturing processes. It is regarded as a major turning point in history, influencing most aspects of daily life, even today. The revolution saw a change from traditional hand production to the use of more modern tools, machines and new technologies. Technology became more advanced and its use became more significant. Gaillard (2007) suggests that pre industrial revolution societies, like those discussed in this essay had a more intimate relationship with the natural environment, which plays a key role when assessing the impacts of a volcanic eruption. In this essay I will firstly compare the impacts of a pre and post industrial revolution eruption of Mount Vesuvius. Their impacts on urban communities will then be discussed in comparison with the more recent eruptions of Eldfell in Iceland and the Soufriere Hills volcano in Montserrat. For the purposes of this essay urban communities will be defined as a substantial group of buildings or people in one area. To assess the impacts of a volcanic eruption on an urban community, the nature of the community will need to be considered. Impacts of the eruption will vary between communities depending on a number of factors including closeness to the eruption, infrastructure, transport links, predication and preparation and the overall development of the community (Marzocchi et al., 2004). Different types of volcanic events will also produce different types of hazard (pyroclastic flows, tephra fallout, and gas emissions) which also need be considered in the assessment of a volcanic eruption. Pre Industrial Revolution Vesuvius, AD79 Mount Vesuvius is located in a densely populated area, with thousands of people living on its flanks and in the immediate vicinity of the volcano (Marzocchi et al., 2004). In the past Vesuvius has produced several large eruptions, including the most well known eruption which destroyed the town of Pompeii in AD79. This was a VEI5, Plinian eruption that consisted of two stages. Usually Plinian eruptions are classified by three stages; an initial eruption phase with a sustained eruptive column of gas and pyroclastic material; a second phase in which the eruption column collapses and generates pyroclastic flows which could reach speeds of up to 100km/h and finally the generation of dense, rapid mudflows generated by water on steep slopes (Barberi Zuccaro, 2006). In the case of the Vesuvius eruption in AD79 only stage one and two occurred. There were no mudflows, only pyroclastic flows. (Lirer et al., 1973). The eruption produced a 32km high eruption column and extensive tephra all out south of the eruption resulting in accumulation of tephra 2.8m thick over Pompeii and other regions (Sigurdsson et al., 1982). Sigurdsson et al (1982) presents evidence to support the collapse of roofs under the weight of pumice that fell and consequently the destruction of infrastructure throughout the town. The tephra fall would also have made it very difficult for people to be outdoors around that time. The town would have been in total darkness and they would have had to wade through several metres of tephra on the ground. Despite this, this first stage of eruption was non lethal. It alarmed people but gave the majority of the population time to flee. 2000 deaths were accounted for out of the 20,000 people living in Pompeii and neighbouring towns (Luke, 2013). The second stage of the eruption consisted of six pyroclastic flows, during which most death and destruction to property occurred. Figure 1 details that between them, six pyroclastic flows travelled from the volcano, covering the towns of Herculaneum, Oplontis and Pompeii. The flows travelled 32km west across the Bay of Naples to Misenum and south east of Stabiae (Siggurdsson et al., 1982). Figure 1. Map of Vesuvius and surrounding towns showing pyroclastic flow deposits and the extent of the pyroclastic flows during the AD79 eruption (Source: Siggurdsson et al., 1982). The AD79 eruption of Vesuvius is an example of how communities with the most insecurity are the most vulnerable to hazards and have the capability of turning them from hazard to disaster (Gaillard, 2007). Through studies carried out on the settlement of Palma Campania a commune in Naples, Grattan (2006) showed that although most of the population was killed by tephra fall and pyroclastic flows there was reluctance to permanently build a settlement on the volcano plains, suggesting that instead of mitigating the effects of a volcanic eruption the communities instead chose to deal with them. They derived a method of coping and learning to live with the sudden environmental change. Compare this with the smaller VEI3 eruption of Vesuvius in 1944 and the impacts are very different. Although the eruption was smaller, there was more of an impact on nearby towns because of the nature of the community (Barnes, 2011). Important buildings such as schools and hospitals were built very close to fracture zones on the volcano flanks where open vents had previously been recorded. Under these conditions, living and having important amenities in such close proximity, events smaller than the 1944 eruption could be catastrophic from an economical and social point of view (Marzocchi et al., 2004). From a comparison of the two Vesuvius eruptions it is evident that the hazards each volcanic eruption produced were similar, however the way the communities chose to deal with them and therefore the impacts of each eruption are different for pre and post industrial communities. With a simpler way of life, post industrial revolution communities towns were able to easily change aspects of their daily life and adapt to living with a volcano. In a way, modern technology could be considered a downfall. If a super eruption were to happen it would apply stress to all aspects of modern day life. Air travel would be practically impossible because of airborne tephra, climate change would be severe and affect crop production across the globe, telecommunications would be restricted and huge areas would be affected by tephra fall and toxic gases (Grattan, 2006). Although that is a worst case scenario it highlights how post industrial revolution or modern communities may not always be better off. Post Industrial Revolution According to Marzocchi et al (2004) the hazards a volcanic eruption presents are hard to quantify because of the complexity of the eruptive processes and the unreliability of past data. However, it is thought that the advancement of communities means that a volcanic eruption poses a greater threat as there is more at risk. The eruption of Eldfell, a volcanic cone on the Icelandic island of Heimaey does however show how technologies of the industrial revolution could work towards reducing the hazards a volcanic eruption presents. Eldfell, 1973 The eruption of Eldfell began, without any warning, on the 23rd of January 1973, as a fissure crossing the island (Morgan, 2000). It caused a major crisis for the island, almost causing permanent evacuation. Volcanic ash fell on most of the island and more than 400 homes were destroyed as roofs were not constructed to deal with the weight from ashfall. Tractors were used to remove ash from the roofs and save some of the buildings (Morgan, 2000). Figure 2 shows the town of Vestmannaeyjar during and after the eruption and gives an idea of the scale of damaged caused by the eruption. It was most at risk because of its close location to the volcanic fissure. It was threatened by tephra fall and lava flows (Thorarinsson et al., 1973). The lava flows that threatened the towns also threatened the harbour, the islands main source of income. The response to the lava flows was to spray them with sea water, which cooled them down and stopped further advance, saving the harbour (Morgan, 2000). Figure 2. Houses nearest the fissure were destoryed by volcanic bombs thrown from the volcano during thr eruption (Left). The right image shows the town of Vestmannaeyjar after lava had advanced onto it. Cooling hoses used to cool the lava are highlighted in red. (Source: Morgan, 2000) Although the scale of the Eldfell eruption was relatively small, the town of Vestmannaeyjar was put at risk because of its location of the fissure. The fissure opened up at the edge of the town with the lava destroying 200 buildings, and more being damaged by tephra fall (Dugmore Và ©steinsson, 2012). Despite this the death toll for the Eldfell eruption was low as there were resources and space to evacuate those in immediate danger. Boats transported people off the island to Reyjavic where schools and other larger buildings acted as receptions for the evacuees. Compare this with the Pompeii eruption where the resources were unavailable and lack of knowledge made evacuating people not an option. Even if the resources were available, it would have been physically impossible to relocate such a large population. In Iceland, volcanism is considered to be one of the principal causes for lack of development (Dugmore Và ©steinsson, 2012). In most cases, the negative impacts of a volcanic eruption have been kept to a minimum both by environmental and cultural factors. There is little to encourage people to settle in immediate volcanic zones; high elevations are unfavourable in terms of climate and the steep slopes of the volcano flanks are difficult to build on. Social systems within Iceland are well suited to coping with volcanic hazards so when an event does occur it will not have such a great impact as if it were to occur in Britain for example (Dugmore Và ©steinsson, 2012). Soufriere Hills, 1995 Montserrat is a small island in the Caribbean that consists of 4 volcanic centres: Silver hill, Centre hills, Soufriere hills and South Soufriere hills. The map in figure 3 shows the location of the 4 volcanic centres on the island (Wadge Isaacs, 1988). Figure 3. Map of Montserrat showing the 4 volcanic domes. Chances Peak, responsible for the 1995 eruption is highlighted in red. (Source: Wadge Isaascs 1988) Chances peak was responsible for the eruptions from 1995 onwards (Figure 3). The eruption began in 1995 after a period of seismic activity and small warning signs of an eruption (Robertson et al., 2000). The most intense eruptions occurred in 1997 and consisted of pyroclastic flows, lahars and tephra fall. The advancement of tephra and pyroclastic flows and the settlements around the volcano that were destroyed throughout the eruption is shown in Figure 4. Figure 4. Chances Peak and the location of nearby settlements. Shows the progression of the eruption during 1997 to 1998 and depicts the settlements that were destroyed by pyroclastic flows, lahars and tephra fall. (Source: BBC Bitesize) Through recognition of distinctive patterns in seismic activity and monitoring signals, short term forecasts of volcanic activity were able to be made so those most in danger could be evacuated at the most appropriate time (Robertson et al., 2000). The islanders in close proximity to the volcano were evacuated to the north of the island, to neighbouring countries and to the UK as Montserrat is a British dependant territory (Young et al., 1998). In total, only 19 people who chose to stay behind were killed by the eruption. The Soufriere Hills volcano provided an opportunity for modern technology and volcanological thinking to be fully utilised in the thorough documentation and the provision of accurate and timely disaster mitigation advice (Young et al., 1998). Conclusion To conclude, the nature of a volcanic hazard, the social status of the population exposed to the hazard, geographic setting and the rehabilitation policy set up by authorities vary between time and place (Gaillard, 2007). In the cases discussed above, all the eruptions produced similar hazards (tephra, lahars, pyroclastic flows) but the nature of the community and the way the population responded made the impacts different. Post industrial revolution communities use technology to their advantage in aiding after the eruption but also before the eruption, in the prediction and preparation stages. From the case studies, it is evident that forecasting plays a fundamental role in volcanic hazard mitigation (Sparks, 2003). It is vital for predicting when/where eruptions will occur, the kinds of hazards associated with the eruption, how long the eruption is likely to last and if populations in close proximity to the volcano are at risk. Plans can then be put in place to reduce the risks related to an eruption on a community. References Barberi, F. and Zuccaro, G. (2006) Somma Vesuvio Mesimex: the final technical implimentation report Barnes, K. (2011). Volcanology: Europes ticking time bomb. Nature, 473(7346), pp.140-141. Dugmore AJ, and Và ©steinsson O (2012) Black sun, high flame and flood; volcanic hazards in Iceland. In Cooper J, Sheets P (eds) Surviving Sudden Environmental Change: Answers from Archaeology (University Press of Colorado: Boulder) p 67 -90. Gaillard, J.-C. (2006), â€Å"Traditional societies in the face of natural hazards: the 1991 Mt Pinatubo eruption and the Aetas of the Philippines†, International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 24(1), pp. 5-43 Gaillard, J. (2007). Resilience of traditional societies in facing natural hazards. Disaster Prevention and Management, 16(4), pp.522-544. Grattan, J. (2006). Aspects of Armageddon: An exploration of the role of volcanic eruptions in human history and civilization. Quaternary International, 151(1), pp.10-18. Lirer, L., Pescatore, T., Booth, B. and Walker, G. (1973). Two Plinian Pumice-Fall Deposits from Somma-Vesuvius, Italy. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 84(3), p.759. Luke, BT. (2013). Roman Pompeii, Geography of Death and Escape: The deaths of Vesuvius, PhD Theses, Kent State University Marzocchi, W., Sandri, L., Gasparini, P., Newhall, C. and Boschi, E. (2004). Quantifying probabilities of volcanic events: The example of volcanic hazard at Mount Vesuvius. J. Geophys. Res., 109(B11) Morgan, A. (2000). The Eldfell Eruption, Heimaey, Iceland: A 25-Year Retrospective. Geoscience Canada, 27(1). Robertson, R., Aspinall, W., Herd, R., Norton, G., Sparks, R. and Young, S. (2000). The 1995-1998 eruption of the Soufriere Hills volcano, Montserrat, WI. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 358(1770), pp.1619-1637. Sigurdsson, H. et al. (1982) The eruption of Vesuvius in AD 79: reconstruction from historical and volcanological evidence. American Journal of Archaeology 86, pp. 39–51 Sparks, R. (2003). Forecasting volcanic eruptions. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 210(1-2), pp.1-15. Thorarinsson, S., Steinthorsson, S., Einarsson, T., Kristmannsdottir, H. and Oskarsson, N. (1973). The Eruption on Heimaey, Iceland. Nature, 241(5389), pp.372-375. Wadge, G. and Isaacs, M. (1988). Mapping the volcanic hazards from Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, West Indies using an image processor. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(4), pp.541-551. Young, S., Sparks, R., Aspinall, W., Lynch, L., Miller, A., Robertson, R. and Shepherd, J. (1998). Overview of the eruption of Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, 18 July 1995 to December 1997. Geophysical Research Letters, 25(18), pp.3389-3392. 1